332 CERTHlIDiE. 



Tichodroma nepalensis, Hodrjs. Journ. A. S. B. xiv. p. 581 (1845) ; 



Bp. C. A. i. p. 225 (1850 )." 

 Tichodroma hofftneisteri, Reichenh. Handb. spec. Orn., Scans, p. 27 



(1851). 



Adult male {in wintei-). Hind ueck, mantle, and back pale ashy 

 grey; upper tail- coverts darker ; entire crown of head grey, strongly 

 washed with pale brown ; the whole shoulder, edge of wing, and the 

 basal half of the outer web of most of the quills are carmine-red ; 

 rest of quills black-brown with narrow greyish tips ; the second to 

 fifth primary each with two large conspicuous white patches on the 

 inner web : tail brownish black ; the outer pairs with large subter- 

 miual white patches : aU the feathers with pale greyish tips ; sides 

 of head and ear-coverts brownish white ; chin, throat, sides of neck, 

 and upper part of breast white ; rest of under surface dark ashy 

 grey ; under wing-coverts blackish, edged like the axillaries with 

 carmine-colour ; under tail-coverts tipped with white ; "bill, feet, and 

 claws black ; iris brown " ((?. King). 



Summer plumafje. Throat and fore neck blackish instead of white. 

 Adult female. The last primaries and the first secondary quills 

 with a ycUow patch on the middle of the inner web. These patches 

 vary much in size ; and I have found indications of them in specimens 

 which were apparently adult males ; in most females, however, and 

 in the young bird they are generally veiy conspicuous. 



Young birds are very much like the adult in plumage, but have 

 the mantle and back paler and, like the breast, more or less washed 

 with pale brownish. 



The WaU-Creeper is much siibject to variation in size. Total 

 length about 6 inches. 



Culmen. Wing. Tail. Tarsiis. 

 in. in. in. in. 



S . Kandahar 1-10 4-10 2-.30 0-85 



d . Pushut 1-15 4-0 2-.30 OOO 



c? . Yarkand 1-35 4-15 2-40 0'90 



5 . Basses Alpes 1-38 4-0 2-30 0-92 



2 . Switzerland 1-20 3-75 2-15 0-91 



Hab. The Wall-Creeper has a very extensive range, as it inhabits 

 the Alpine regions of Central and South Europe, Asia, and North 

 Africa, being found in the Alps, Carpathians, in Abyssinia, and in 

 the Himalayas. 



a,b c? 2 ad- •< Tvrol. His I. & R. Highness 



the Crown Prince 

 of Austria [P.]. 



c. Ad. St. Switzerland (summer). 



d. cJ ad. st. Switzerland (winter). 



e. ^ ad. sk. Switzerland {Howard Gould Collection. 



Smmders'). 



f. 2 ad. .sk. Bas.^es Alps. J. E. Harting, Esq. 



[P.]. 

 (I. Ad. St. India. J. R. Reeves, Esq. 



[P.]. 

 /(. d ad.sk. Yarkand. R. B. Sbarpe, Esq. 



[P.]. 



