342 CEETHUDiE. 



Ieuropcea, p. 342. 

 uralensis, p. 342. 

 nciffaensis, p. 344, 



b. Forcliead black, rest of crovra grey; 



broad cliestuut crescent on fore neck . . krueperi, p. 350, 



c. Crown of bead and nape deep black ; no 



patch on fore neck. 

 e'. Ear-coverts and breast white. 



i". Abdomen and flanks rich chestnut- 

 red leucopsis, p. 852, 



k". Abdomen white caroUnensis, p, 353, 



/'. Ear-coverts black ; breast ochraceoiis. 



/". Sides of neck creamy white villosa, p. 355. 



m!'. Sides of neck with a black patch, canadensis, p. 354. 



d. Crown of head brown. 



g'. Basal half of central tail-feathers 



white pygmcea, p, 355. 



h'. No white at base of central tail-feather pusilla, p, 356, 

 B. Mantle and back blue. (Subgeneric group Dendeophtla.) 

 a. Crown of head and abdomen black .... azicrea, p. 357. 

 h. Crown of head black mottled with cobalt- 

 blue; underparts rich ochraceous .... formosa, p. 357. 

 c. Crown of head blue; abdomen like 

 breast, 

 i'. Mantle like back ; no white loral band frontalis, p. 358. 

 k' . Mantle vinaceous like the breast; a 



small white loral band oenocMamys, p, 359. 



1. Sitta europaea. 



A. Western Race. 



Sitta europsea, Linn. S. N. i. p. 177 (1766) ; Gmel. S. N. i. p. 440 



(1788) ; Beseke, Fog. Ktirlands, p. 39 ; (pt.) Lath. Ind. Orn i 



p. 261 ; Linger, Prodrom. p. 213 (1811) ; Vieill. N. Diet. xxxi. 



p. 329 ; Gloger, Naturg. Vog. Europ. p. 376; Nilss. Skand. Fauna, 



ii. p. 325 ; Swains. Class. B. i. p. 318 ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. l47 ; Bp. 



C. A. i. p. 226 (1850) ; Beichenh. Handb., Scans, p. 151, pi. 511 b! 



figs. 4051-52; Lilljeborg, Egl. Vet.-Akad. (Efvers. 1851, p. 275; 



Sundev. Svensk. Fogl. p. 94, tab. 9. fig. 1 ; Colleit, (Efvers. Christian. 



Orn. Faun. p. 78; Sclat. Lbis, 1865, p, 309; Degl. ^ Gerhe 



Orn. Eur. i. p. 180 ; Sundev. 3Ieth. Tent. p. 47 ; Dress. B. Eur. 



iii. p. 169, pi. 118; Sintenis, J. f. O. 1877, p. 65; Seebohm, Ibis, 



1878, p. 325 ; Brandt, J.f. O. 1880, p. 234. 

 ? Sitta advena, Brelim, Vog. Deutschl. p. 207 (1831) (? = (S'. ziralensis). 

 ? Sitta septentrioualis, Brehm, Vog. Deutschl. p. 206 (1831) (?= 



S. ccBsia). 

 Sitta sericea, Temm. Man. d'Orn, iv. p. 645 (1840); Biva, L'Orn 



Ticinese, p. 311 (1865), 

 Sitta suecica, Brehm, Naumarmia, 1855, p. 274. 



B, Eastern Race (S. uralensis), 



Sitta uralensis, Licht. in Gloger, Handb. VSg. Deutschl. pp. 377 & 388 

 (18.34); Gray, Gen. B. i, p. 147: Degland, Orn. Eur. p. 602; 

 Lilljeborg, Egl. Vet.-Akad. (Efversigt, p. 275 (1851); Lichtensi. 



