5. siTTA. 3.53 



tail-feathers like the back ; the others black with grej-ish tips and with 

 white siibterminal patches to the inner web ; under wing-coverts sooty 

 black ; flanks, abdomen, and under tail-coverts rich chestnut-red ; 

 sides of head, orbital region, and the whole of the fore neck and 

 breast white ; bill dark horny, lighter at base of mandible ; legs 

 dark lead-colour. Culmen 0-8 inch, wing 3, tail 1-7, tarsus 0-75. 

 Ilah. North-western Himalayas. 



a. Ad. sk. N.W. Himalayas. India Museum [P.]. 



b. Ad. sk. N.W. Himalayas. Dr. Stoliezka [P.]. 



c. Ad.sk. N.W. Himalayas (Dr. ^e/toc). India Museum [P.l. 



d. Imm.sk. Gilpit, 10,000*feet, August 10, Major Biddulph [0.1. 



1879. 



e. $ ad. sk. Gilgi^., 10,000 feet, August 10, Major Biddulph [C.J. 



f. d [ad.] sk. Astor, October 2, 10,000 feet. Major Biddulph [C.]. 



13. Sitta carolinensis. 



Sitta europfea, var. y, Gmel, S. A\ i. p. 440 (1788). 



Sitta canadensis, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 262 (1790). 



Sitta carolinensis, Wils. Am. Orn. tab. 2. fig. 3 (1808) ; Nuttcdl, Man. 

 i. p. 581 ; Licht. Verz. Douhl. p. 17 (1823) ; fiivams. Faun. Bor.- 

 Amer. lutr. p. xxxvii ; And. Oiti. Biogr. ii. p. 299 (1834), v. p. 473, 

 pi. 152 ; id. B. Amcr. iy. p. 175, pi. 114; Sivains. Class. B. p. 318; 

 Bp. C ^. i. p. 227 ; Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 93 ; Reichenb. Handh., Scans. 

 p. 153, pi. 513. nos. 3563, 3564 (1851) ; Prinz Wied. J. f. 0. 1858, 

 p. 106 ; Ilartl P. Z. S. 1858, p. 300 ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1859, pp. 363 & 

 373 ; Baird, B. N. Amer. p. 374 ; Sclat. Cat. Am. B. p. 15 ; Baird, 

 Rev. Am. B. p. 86 ; Sclat. Ibis, 1865, p. 310 ; Baird, Ibis, 1867, 

 p. 270 ; Coues, Key N. Am. B. p. 83 ; Baird, Breio., ^ Ridgw. N. 

 Am. B. p. 114 ; Nehrling, J. f. O. 1880, p. 114. 



Sitta melauocephala, Vieill. N. 'Did. xxxi. p. 336 (I8I9) : id. Gal. Ois. 

 tab. 171, p. 280 (1825). 



Sitta aculeata, Cass. Proc. Phil. Acad. viii. p. 254 (1856) ; Baird, B. 

 N. Amer. p. 375 ; id. Review Amer. B. p. 86 ; id. J. f. 0. 1866, 

 p. 257 ; id. Ibis, 1867, p. 270 ; Brown, fbis, 1868, p. 421 ; Cooper, 

 Orn. Calif, p. 54 (1870). 



Sitta carolinensis, var. aculeata, Cassin, Baird, Brew. ^- R. N. Am. B. 

 p. 117 (1874). 



Sitta carolinensis aculeata, Coues, B. Colorad. Vail. p. 134 (1878). 



Adult male. Crown of head, uape, and hiud neck jet-black ; loral 

 and superciliary region, sides of head, chin, throat, and centre of 

 breast pure white, washed with grey towards the sides of the breast 

 and flanks ; some of the feathers of the flanks broadly tipped with 

 reddish brown ; thighs chestnut ; under tail-coverts white ; greater part 

 of inner web chestnut ; under wing-coverts and edge of wing jet- 

 black ; a conspicuous white patch on basal part of inner web of pri- 

 maries and primarj' under wing-coverts ; upper wing-coverts and quills 

 black, tipped and edged with bluish grey or white ; outer web of 

 secondaries much like the back ; central pair of tail-feathers blue- 

 grey like the back ; all the other feathers black, with large white 

 subterminal patches on either web. 



VOL. viri. 2 A 



