THE LICHEN AS TRANSMIGRANT 13 



trophic fungal tissue should derive soluble sugars (i. e. non-colloidal 

 carbohydrate capable of passing polysaccharide membranes in the 

 absence of direct haustorial perforation or plasmic continuity) \ from 

 full autotrophic algal units, is really at bottom no more remarkable 

 than the commonplace phenomenon observed in the nutrition of 

 non -chlorophyll containing tissues of the more internal parts of 

 higher plants, at the expense of the cortical layer with chlorophyll- 

 content — all such tissues being equally heterotrophic. Heterotrophy 

 is, in fact, one of the most general phenomena in all advanced 

 benthic plant-organism ; the tissues need not be in direct plasmic 

 continuity, and yet soluble materials in excess will be taken by 

 tissues with less content — -as shown again by the transfer of soluble 

 substances across the junction of a graft with its stock. The ordinary 

 metabolic mechanism of a massive plant is really run on the same 

 general principles. The wonder, if any, is that the Lichen-habit 

 should not be more general than it is ; and this opens up a wide 

 problem as to the origin of the organization of the normal land-plant 

 itself with its heterotrophic tissues. Given the opportunity, by a 

 special set of biological factors, there is no reason why such intrusion 

 should not work out a successful modus vivendi, and it remains to 

 consider the inception of such conditions. 



(To be continued.) 



MYCOLOGICAL NOTES.— V. 

 By W. B. Gkove, M.A. 



(Continued from Journ. Bot. 1920, 251.) 

 Botdia insculpta (Oud.) Grove, comb. nov. 



Sphoeria insculpta Ft. ? Elench. ii. 95 (1828). Oud. Mat. Myc. 

 ii, in Arch. Neerl. Sci. 1873, viii. 105, pi. 6, f. 9 !, and also in 

 Nederl. Kruidk. Arch. ser. 2, i. 181, pi. 5, f. 9 (same figure). 



Zignoella (?) insculpta (Fr.) Sacc. Syll. ii. 225. 



Vialcsa insculpta (Fr. ? Oud. ?) Sacc. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 

 189G, p. 67, pi. 5, f. 10. 



Boydia remuliformis A. L. Smith in Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 

 1919, vi. 151, f. 1. 



Cf. also Duplicaria JEmpetri Fckl. Symb. Myc. p. 265, pi. 4, 

 f. 22 (on Empetrum nigrum). 



In August, 1919, I found a number of the trees in the Holly 

 collection in Kew Gardens to be badly infested with a fungus which 

 had very remarkable and unusual spores. These spores have much 

 the shape of two Indian clubs placed base to base, or rather of the 

 sham Indian clubs used in schools, technically known as " sceptres." 

 On investigation it was concluded that the fungus was possibly what 

 Fries described (I. c.) as Sphceria insculpta. But further enquiry 

 showed that it had also been met with by other authors and had 

 received various names, as given above. 



The spores of all these fungi (except, of course, that of Fries) 



1 Paulson and Hastings (1920), J. L. S. p. 497. 



