OX H1E15ACITJM AUBAKTIACUM L. 65 



Queen Elizabeth's reign, called "Grim the Collier of Croydon." 

 Parkinson curiously objected to this name as "both idle and foolish." 

 Ray (Historia, i. lib. 5, p. 243 (1686)) adopts J. Bauhin's name 

 for our plant, adding those of Parkinson, Johnson's Gerard, and 

 C. Bauhin as synonyms, and drawing attention to its probable 

 identity with Kieracium IX. of Clusius. 



It is thus reasonably certain that the plant intended by all these 

 authors is the broad-leaved form known in Scotland, naturalized and 

 in cultivation, and that this form was at one time, if not at present, 

 extensively grown on the Continent. 



A reference to the Linnean Herbarium, where the specimen of 

 II. aurantiacum, though fragmentary, can be seen to belong to this 

 form, confirms this view; moreover, the ten specimens of Auricula 

 muris hispanica in the Sloane Herbarium (indexed in the copy of 

 Ray's Historic/, in Herb. Mus. Brit.) can likewise be seen to be 

 all this same form, showing that it was the plant in general cultiva- 

 tion and commonly known to the botanists of that period. It may 

 be added that the old name "Auriculae muris," or "mouse-ear," also 

 points to this plant. 



It therefore seems established that this hawkweed, which was 

 introduced into gardens in various European countries about the end 

 of the sixteenth or beginning of the seventeenth century, became 

 widely known owing to the unique colour of its flowers, and, as a 

 garden-plant, formed the basis of Linnams's account of II. auran- 

 tiacum. Linnams's name must therefore remain with this form 

 if it is separated as a species from our rampant, narrow-leaved plant 

 that Naegeli and Peter take as the specific type of H. aurantiacum. 



A wild and a garden variety of this species, both with broad 

 leaves, are given by Haller (Hist. Helvet. p. 21 (1768)), who 

 distinguishes them by the colour of the flowers being orange and red 

 respectivelv. Jacquin (Flora Austriaca, v. t. 410 (1778)), depicts 

 in a very tine coloured plate a subalpine form of the broad-leaved 

 plant, with underground stolons, foliage somewhat more lanceolate, 

 acute and toothed than in our garden -form, and rather large, deep red 

 flowers. 



The earliest undoubted reference to a narrow-leaved H. auranti- 

 acum seems to be that in Allioni's Flora Pedemontana, i. p. 213, 

 and iii. tab. 14. f. 1 (1785). The plate here pourtrays a plant, 

 o-athered on Mont Cenis, with narrow, oblong leaves, and, as Allioni 

 states in the text, sulphur-coloured flowers with nmbriate-laciniate 

 lio-ules. Tnis figure, representing a monstrosity, is strangely cited by 

 Naegeli and Peter for their subspecies claropurpureum var. Occi- 

 dent ale. 



Another narrow-leaved form is described and figured by Vahl in 

 Flora Danica, vii. p. 5 and tab. 1112 (1799). The plant drawn shows 

 a lono - , leafy stolon, oblong-spathulate leaves, and orange-coloured 

 ilowers; and it is clearly akin to Naegeli and Peter's typical sub- 

 species aurantiacum and the narrow-leaved British garden-form. 

 This plate, however, like Jacquin's, is not cited by Naegeli and 

 Peter. This is the first record of the occurrence of II. aurantiacum 

 in Scandinavia. 



