318 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANV 



factory and lacking confirmation. Astlie flowering-period is too early 

 for butterflies to be about in any number, tbere only remain two 

 genera of insects (Bo/nbylius and Anthophora) with probosees suffi- 

 ciently long to reach the nectar. Bell's posthumous paper was followed 

 by one from Weiss (N. Notes, xv. 103-6), who deals further with 

 some of the points in dispute. One of the latest authoritative pro- 

 nouncements on the subject is by Knuth (op. cit. 09), who states 

 that the Primrose " is chiefly pollinated by long-tongued Hymenoptera 

 and the brimstone butterfly, while Bombyliids, Vanessa urticce, and 

 the honey-bee are visitors of secondary importance." 



The following may be regarded as practically a complete list of 

 all visitors so far observed and recorded for the* flowers of P. vul- 

 garis : — 



Hymenoptera. 



Andrena Gwynana Kirb. South of England (T. Archer Brigo- s ) • 

 Yorkshire Coast (Burkill) ; Shropshire, frequent (Weiss). 



Anthophora pilipes Fab. (A. acervorum L.). South of England, 

 frequent (Briggs); Essex (Miller Christy); Shropshire (Weiss) \ 

 Kiel (P. Knuth) ; Alsen (Germany) * (W. Wustnei) ; Berlin 

 (E. Loew). 



Apis melliflca L. Essex (Christy) ; Shropshire (Weiss) ; Ger- 

 many (Knuth). 



Bombus sp. Essex (Christy). 



B. hortorum L. Dumfriesshire (Scott Elliot) ; Kiel (Knuth). 



B. terrestris L. Shropshire (Weiss). 



B. lapidarius L. England — a single instance (Bell). 

 Lepidoptera. 



Gonepteryx rhamni L. South of England (Brigo-s) ; Essex 

 (Christy); England (S. ?) (Bell); Austria (Cobellifr German y 

 (Knuth). J 



Pieris rapi L. Essex (Christy). 



P. brassicce L. England (S. ?) — only once (Bell). 



Vanessa urticce L. Germany (Knuth). 



Diptera. 



Bombylius major L. Shropshire and N. Staffordshire, frequent 

 (Weiss). 



B. discolor Mikan. South of England, frequent (Briggs); re- 

 corded as B. medius, but doubtless B. discolor). 



B. medius L. Austria (Cobelli). 



Syrphus sp. Essex (Christy). 



Coleoptera. 

 Anthobium primula Fauv. Yorkshire coast (Burkill). 

 Meligethes picipes Sturm. Essex (Christy); Yorkshire coast 

 (Burkill). 



Ortiioptera. 

 Thrips sp. England (Kent?) (Darwin); Austria (Cobelli); 

 Yorkshire coast, frequent (Burkill) ; England (S. ?) (Bell). 



My own observations have been made chiefly in North Wales 

 between 1911 and 1919 during occasional visits 'in connection with 



