338 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY 



10 on the first night: the flowers were more or less wet, but a 

 number bore evidences of Gastropod or other animal depredations. 

 Both banks of the same road as before were watched, but as flowers 

 were somewhat scattered and not too plentiful, the distance patrolled 



was extended to about half a mile. The following were seen : 



28 Limacidce, 2 Araneids, 1 Helix hispida, 1 Meligethes. 

 Some of the slugs were undoubtedly Limux agrestis L. 



3. Llanfgngdd, Flintshire. 



A few days (April 19-22) were spent here in 1919. The village 

 is situated about eleven miles north-west of Erbistock and some 

 eighteen miles to the south-east of Cwm. It lies on Carboniferous 

 strata ; Millstone Grit, Carboniferous Limestone, and Coal Measures 

 are all represented in the area. The valley has an elevation of about 

 500 feet at this point and is fairly sheltered by the adjoining hills, 

 the lower part of the Clwydian Range to the west and Hope Hills 

 (1080 feet) to the east. 



This was a backward season. Empetrum nigrum L. — a chief 

 object of this visit — was not in bloom (even by April 22) on a 

 neighbouring peak. _ In 1918 it was flowering on April 5th. 



Primroses were fairly plentiful on banks and hill-slopes in many 

 parts of the district. A sunny hedgebank facing west and at 500 feet 

 elevation on the slope of Hope Hills was chosen. Observations were 

 restricted to about 170 plants, which extended over about fifty yards. 

 I was able to watch these on April 19 and 20 in the daytime (11.30- 

 11.45 and 3.45-4.45) — these and other times mentioned in the 

 Llanfynydd notes are "summer time," the true values being an hour 

 less in each case, — and on both days there was warm sunny weather 

 with only slight breeze. The flowers were visited by 24 Andrena 

 Owynana Kirb., 7 Rgetodesia lucorum Fin., G Bombylius major L., 

 G Lucilia ccesar L., 1 Bombus terrestris L., 1 Meligethes sp. 



The solitary humble-bee only made a momentary stay on two 

 flowers of a long-styled plant, and did not seriously investigate them, 

 obtaining neither pollen or nectar and rapidly flew off to a neigh- 

 bouring willow (Sal ix caprea, d ). The latter attracted large 

 numbers of insects ; amongst others visiting the catkins for nectar 

 or pollen were Apis mellijica (in abundance, pollen-collecting), Bom- 

 bus terrestris, Sepsis cgnipsea, Lucilia ccesar, and Hyetodesia 

 lucorum. Primroses seemed particularly attractive to Andrena Givy- 

 nana, but it did not restrict itself to these, as I noted that Coltsfoot, 

 Dandelion, Celandine, and Barren Strawberry were also visited. Bom- 

 bylius was also seen on a Celandine flower. While in Nant y Ffrith 

 (April 21) I noticed this in some numbers darting about a sunny 

 bank and hovering in characteristic hawk-like manner; on this latter 

 occasion Primroses often attracted them. 



The same bank of flowers which I had watched on April 19, 20 

 was visited on one night for a short period, 8.45-9.15. The half- 

 hour's watch revealed Limax agrestis L., 11 Tachyporus chn/so- 

 melinus L., Meligethes exit is Sturm., M. viridescens Fab., M. eru- 

 thropus Gryll., 1 Porcellio sealer Latr., 1 Araneid. 



