6o KANSAS UNIVERSITY QUARTERLY. 



has not been the faintest suggestion of an intention on the part of any 

 European power to establish any new colony upon either of the 

 American continents. The rapid growth of American populations 

 has practically resulted in the actual occupation of every part of 

 both continents. An occasion then for an application of this part 

 of the Monroe doctrine has not presented itself and cannot present 

 itself. 



The second part of Monroe's declaration respects intervention. 

 It consists of two distinct propositions. European interference 

 with American states for the purpose of subverting their govern- 

 ments cannot be permitted and the extension to America of the 

 European political system cannot be permitted. At the close of 

 the Napoleonic wars in 1815 Russia, Austria and Prussia united in 

 the so-called Holy Alliance. Their avowed object was the main- 

 tenance of the Christian religion. Their real purpose was the 

 preservation of their political system of absolute monarchy, based 

 upon the divine right of kings, by a pledge of mutual assistance in 

 case of popular insurrection. The treaty between them was 

 offered for signature to every power in Europe except the Sultan 

 and the Pope. All acceded to it except Great Britain whose 

 foreign minister replied that the principles of the Alliance were 

 inconsistent with those of the British constitution. In 1821 the 

 allies sent an Austrian army into Italy in order to prevent the 

 adoption of a free constitution in Naples. And in 1823 they sent 

 a French army into Spain to suppress popular insurrection there, 

 and re-establish the despotism of Ferdinand VII. It was then 

 proposed that the allies call a congress to arrange for the subjuga- 

 tion of Spain's revolted colonies in America and the re-establish- 

 ment of Spanish authority over them. Information of this design 

 reached the United States through Great Britain. In opposition 

 to it Monroe, acting on the advice of Jefferson, issued the second 

 part of his famous declaration: 



"With the governments who have declared their independence we 

 could not view any interposition by any European power in any 

 other light than as the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition 



toward the United States The political system of the allied 



powers is essentially different from that of America We shoidd 



consider any attempt on their part to extend their system to any 

 portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety. 

 ....It is impossible that the allies should extend their political 

 system to any portion of either continent without endangering our 

 peace and happiness . . . It is equally impossible, therefore, that we 



