holmes: composition of verbs with prepositions. 125 



remotely, (SaLvw, furnish the best examples of relatively pure motion 

 in the language. 



That el/j-i is well selected is attested by the following considera- 

 tions: I. It is used for various kinds of motion without distinction. 

 Thus, iox walking: II. 7, 213: iroaalv rj'u i^aKpa /3i(3d'i; ior liastcnhig.- 

 Odi. 15, 213: dAA' avros Kokioiv hovp eicrerat; iox flight of birds: II. 17, 

 756; for the /;/^'//V^// of tilings: II. 3, 611: Tre'AeKvs eto-tv Sta Soupos; &c., 



II. It is shown by the almost equal balance of the "whither" and 

 "whence" relations as seen in the composition of the verb with 

 the prepositions airo and Trpds, aTra/xt occurring 33 times and irpoa-eiixi 

 29 times. This consideration is not set aside by the fact that eVt 

 occurs 83 times in composition with this verb, because iwl is hostile, 

 the sphere of eTrteVat in Thucydides being militar}' — a fact constantly 

 to be borne in mind. Hence the preponderance of etti is of no 

 account in this connection. 



"EpxoixaL (iXOtLv) is a good example also, as shown by the follow- 

 ing facts: I. It is. frequently used with a supplementary participle 

 showing the manner or the kind of the motion. Thus, II. 11, 

 715: ^A^e Oeovaa; id. lo, 510: Tre(f>oj3r}fxevo^ «A^)7s; Od. 6, 40: TroSea-cnv 

 tpx^frOac, II. 5, 204: Tre^os dXrjXovOa; of flying: Od. 14, 334. In 

 fact the use of this verb of the motion of spears, javelins, or of 

 natural phenomena such as rivers, wind and storm, clouds and 

 stars, time and sound, is too frecpient to need confirmatory refer- 

 ences and quite sufficient to denote the relative purity of the idea 

 of motion contained in it. II. Another evidence is furnished by 

 the fact that epxo/xut plays the part of present to both rjKu) and 

 olxoixaL, two verbs of motion with exactly opposite points of view. 



III. Here again we find that same prepositional balance as in the 

 case of et/At, except that in this case the prepositions are airo and 

 cTTt, direp^ofxaL (aTreXOelv) and (.Trip-^opiaL {liTtXOtiv) each occurring 76 

 times. 



Next to et/Mt and epxopat (iXOeiv), though by a considerable interval, 

 ranks jBaivM. In ^atW at least the color becomes visible. Yet no 

 little freedom is also here manifest, as a participle often accom- 

 panies the verb to show the kind of motion. Thus, II. 2, 167: 

 Prj at^aaa; and id. 2, 665: firj (f>evya}v. Another evidence is that 

 certain tenses of (3a[vw are represented by efym and epxo/xat (iXOeiv). 



These three verbs, cT/At, epxop.ai (iXdetv) and /SatVw, sustain very 

 much the same relation to what are ordinarily classed in the 

 grammars as verbs of motion, as Trotew does to what are more 

 broadly termed verbs of action. 



The moment color is given to the motion of a verb, that moment 

 internal modification sets in and the sphere of the verb is narrowed. 



