French. Le Paroarc. Le Cardinal Dominicain. Le Cardinal Doinini- 

 quain Le Gros-hec dii Bresil. Le Pinson Paroare. 



German. Der Dominicaner- Cardinal. Der Dominikaner-Kardinal mis 

 Luisiana. Dorninikaner-Finken. Dominikaner- Cardinale. 



Xative names. Tije-Guacu Paroara, Gidra-Tirica, Gallo da campina, 

 and Cardinal. 



Habitat. Brazil ; extending its range along the sea-boi'der, from Rio 

 Janeiro in the south, to the River Amazon in the north. 



Adult. Crown, sides of face, ear-coverts, chin, and thi'oat shining crimson ; hind margin 

 of ear-coverts black ; hind neck white, each feather broadly edged with black ; mantlei 

 scapulars, back, rump, and upper tail-coverts ashy-grey ; feathers of mantle narrowly 

 edged with black ; wing- and primary-coverts black ; primaries brownish-black, 

 narrowly edged on the outer web with silvery-grey ; secondaries black broadly edged 

 with silvery-grey ; tail blackish, fringed on the outer edges near the base with grey, like 

 the upper tail-coverts, and tipped with white ; outer rectrices brown ; sides of neck, 

 entire under-parts, and under tail-coverts pure white ; sides and flanks pale grey ; 

 axillaries, under wing-coverts, under surface of wings, and tail greyish white ; iris hazel 

 brown ; bill dark brown, lower mandible orange-yellow, brown at the tip ; feet slaty- 

 black : length 6'-45, wing 3'6, tail 2-95, tars. 0'9, culm. 0'6. 



Female. Similar. 



Young. Head, chin, and throat cinnamon-brown, centre of the crown and ear-coverts 

 dark brown interspersed with a few crimson feathers ; hind neck buffish-wliite, each 

 feather broadly edged with brownish-black ; mantle brownish-grey narrowly edged with 

 black ; back and rump dull grey ; upper tail-coverts dull greyish-brown ; lesser wing- 

 coverts black ; the rest dull brown faintly edged with buff ; pi'imaries and secondaries 

 blackish-brown narrowly edged with greyish -white, forming a white patch under the 

 primary-coverts ; first quill brown ; tail blackish-brown, the first rectrices edged and 

 tipjjed with dirty white ; under parts white, very slightly tinged with buff. 



Y<;ry Young. Similar, but the brown patch on the crown and ear-coverts, and the cinnamon 

 of the face and throat much paler ; primaries and secondaries very broadly edged with 

 rufous-brown. 



Observ. The males and females in all stages of plumage are alike. The bills of the young 

 are brown, with a less tinge of yellow on the lower mandible. 



In confinement these birds are apt to become quite black, excepting the head. 



This very pretty Cardinal is one of the most abundant and best known 

 species of the group to which it belongs, and from a very early date it has 



