51 



and sea-weeds, rig-lits and sphoi-es of operation are greatly intermingled. 

 Tliore are, in fact, several classes of fishing laid down in tlie Eegula- 

 tions, viz., " Fixed ", '• Enclosed ", " Special ", and " Exclusive "; the 

 first named is the fishery by means of fixed traps, pound nets, or weirs 

 (American usage of the word, viz., a fixed trap formed of stakes and 

 brushwood, etc.); '' Enclosed ^^ denotes an enclosed area in which 

 marine products, such as oysters, algae, etc., are grown by cultching 

 and other operations for the attachment of spat and spores ; " Special " 

 are such fisheries as whale or dolphin catching, etc., for which special 

 licenses are issued on particular areas ; " Exclusive " is the right of 

 fishing within a given area to the exclusion of all others and by methods 

 not included in the first three classes of fishery. All these rights, 

 often contiguous or commingled and even conflicting, have had to be 

 enquired into by the Prefectural (district) officials and the spheres of 

 operation mapped out. According to a paper of 1894 by Mr. K. Ito 

 " in every fishing locality the position of all traps and seines is located 

 on a map, and this map is filed in the county (taluk) office for the 

 reference of fishermen, so that when they have any quarrel in regard 

 to the position of nets it can be settled very easily, '^ and not only the 

 position of nets but, as above explained, the areas of enclosed or 

 exclusive, etc., fisheries. In the Regulations made for carrying out the 

 fishery law of 1902 there are four appendices in. the form of sjDecimen 

 sketches giving the precise position, dimension, distance from shore, 

 and bearings of the several classes of fisheries ; sketches of two are 

 appended. 



112. The following abstract of the rules, statistics, etc., of an 

 absociatioa will give an idea of the work done by them. The Muko- 

 gasaki Fishery Association was established in May 1903 in a hamlet 

 of the Miski town called Mukogasaki-kabujima : it has five directors 

 including the chairman, three auditorSj and one treasurer; there are 

 558 members employing 782 men with 250 boats of above 4 feet 

 beam and 130 of less beam, out of a resident male fishing population 

 above 15 years old of 1,658 with 500 boats ; probably the youth of the 

 association and the youth of many residents account for the fact that 

 all residents have not jet joined ; owners of 380 out of 500 boats, 

 however, are members. The subscriptions were trifling, aggregating 

 only Rs. 130 in 1905, but presumably a special levy could be made if 

 necessary. It is interesting to note that the pay of the Secretary, the 

 only salaried man, is Rs. 15 per finnum, while Es. 18 pays the rent of 

 the office building and of the man in charge ; the expenses of the 

 council and of the general meeting amounted to Rs. 7-8-0. Honoraria 

 were granted as follows : to each director lis. 8, to each auditor 

 Es. 1-8-0, and to the treasurer — who has to furnish security — Rupees 

 7-8-0 per annum. There is a hint for Madras societies in these 

 figures. 



