212 



IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 



the cell cavity is very much reduced; has triangular intercellu- 

 lar spaces where the walls are united. Cells contain some 

 brown pigment. 



Pigment layer. — This layer belongs to the inner integument, 

 and consists of narrow, thick-walled, elongated cells much 

 darker in color than cells of nutrient and osteosclerid layers. 



Parenchyma layer. — The cells of this layer are much com- 

 pressed, and can only be made out on the addition of chloral 

 hydrate. The cells are thin- walled and variable as to shape in 

 different portions of the seed. 



Endosperm.- — The cells of en- 

 iosperm are much alike, the first 

 layer, aleurone, somewhat small- 

 er, walls greatly thickened with 

 longitudinal stri^ ; the cells con- 

 tain no starch, but an abundance 

 of protein and fat. A narrow 

 zone of endosperm next to the 

 embryo consists of thick-walled, 

 elongated cells. The cell cavity 

 in most cases being reduced to a 

 narrow line. 



Embryo. — The cells are quite 

 uniform as to size, nearly isodia- 

 metric, cell walls thinner than in 

 endosperm, densely packed with 

 fat and protein grains. Procam- 

 bial bundles in central part of 

 the caulicle. 



BERBERIS AMURENSTS Eiqjr. 



Fruit and seed characters. — 

 Berry light scarlet, in loose 

 racemes, ellipsoidal, 4-5 lines 

 long, usually two seeded. 

 Seeds oblong- obovoid, light 

 brown, obtusely two or more 

 sided, convex on one side, and 

 more or less flattened on the 

 other; the raphe extending along 

 one edge of the flattened side, 

 chalaza at the apex. Seeds 



brown, three lines long, hilum and micropyle adjacent 

 former a depressed cavity with a raised border. 



Fig. 14 BerbTis amurensls. for de- 

 scription see explanation of plates. 



the 



