IOWA ACADEMY OP SCIENCES. 215 



cularized portion below is narrow, of even thickness; the inter- 

 mediate layer is thicker and stratified, but not so much as in B. 

 nervosa. The internal walls are much thicker than in B. vulgaris. 

 Cells and walls carry a large amount of pigment. The cells 

 contain some protein matter. 



Nutrient layer. — First row of cells irregular, large, rather 

 thick-walled. Cells below longer with walls of about the same 

 thickness; this layer contains the vascular elements; on the 

 addition of phlorglucin and hydrochloric acid the walls of these 

 elements color rose purple. In addition to these layers an- 

 other occurs, the cells of this are much smaller than in the pre- 

 ceding, not elongated radially, walls irregularly thickened 

 and brown. 



Osteosclerid. — Consists of a single layer of cells. Walls 

 much thickened with a large triangular space. Cell-cavity 

 very small. Cell-walls colored brown. 



Pigment layer. — This consists of a narrow zone of one or two 

 rows of cells, greatly elongated, with thick walls, deeply dark 

 brown colored. 



Parenchyma layer. — Occurs below the pigment layer, and is 

 composed of three or four row^s of cells. This layer is much 

 compressed. In most cases cells contain granular protein 

 grains. 



Endosperm — First row, the aleurone layer of smaller cells 

 than remainder of endosperm, filled with protein grains and 

 fat. In some cases a few tannin and pigment cells occur. It is 

 very unusual for endosperm to contain pigment. The 

 cell-walls of remainder of endosperm thick-walled. The walls 

 color blue with iodine and sulphuric acid, and chlorodide of 

 zinc. The internal part of endosperm consists of thick- 

 walled elongated narrow cells. 



Embryo.— ¥\Ti=,i row of cells smaller. The exterior walls 

 thickened. All these cells contain fat and protein grains but 

 no starch. The walls consist of cellulose. Rudimentary bun- 

 dles also occur in the caulicle, but lignification has not taken 

 l^lace 



BERBERis CERASiNA Schrader? 



Fruit and seed characters. — Baccate fruit, bluish-scarlet, glob- 

 ular, borne in a long and loose raceme; berry ten lines long, one 

 or two-seeded. Seed brown, shining, five lines long, terete or one 

 side flattened, the other convex; micropyle and hilum adjacent; 



