222 IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 



Longer than broad, blackish, 



Cauloyhyllum. 

 Isodiametric, internal layer of ex'erior wall stratified, reddish, 



Diphylleia. 

 2. Epidermal cells light colored, large. 



Podophyllum. 



KEY BASED ON FRUIT CHARACTERS. 



A. Fruit a berry, 1, 2, 3. 



1. Scarlet, acid except B. Thunbergii 

 Short oval or globular. B canadensis. 

 Ellipsoidal, eight to ten lines long. B. amurensis. 

 Ellipsoidal, eight to ten lines long. B. vuglaris. 

 Globular, bluish scarlet. B. cerasina. 



Oval or elliptical, bright scarlet B Thunbergii. 



2. Blue, or bluish-black with glaucous bloom. 



a. Short. 



Ovate or elliptical, eight to ten lines long. 



B. aquifolium. 

 Eight to ten lines long. 



B. repeits. 



b. Long. 



Fruit globular, few seeded. 



B. nervosa. 

 Fruit globular, in a corymbiform cyme. 



Diphylleia cymosa. 



3. Fruit a large, fleshy berry, borne singly. 



Podophyllum peltatum. 



B. Fruit a pod. 



Jetl'ersonia binata. 



C. Pericarp deciduous, 



Caulophyllum thalictroides. 



KEY BASED ON SEED CHARACTERS. 



A. Seeds arillate. 



L Whole seed enveloped by a pulpy arillus. 



Podophyllum peltatum, 

 2. Small lateral aril at base. 



Jeffersonia binata. 



B. Seeds not arillata, 1, 2. 



1. Seeds globose, blue, berry-like. 

 Caulophyllum thalictroides. 

 a. Hilum of same color as seed. 



(1) Seeds usually terete, large, obovate. 



B. Thunbergii. 

 Seeds usually terete or convex dorsally. 

 B. cerasina. 



