XXVI PROCEEDINGS, 



Dr. Smith Woodward stated that the skeleton was built up 

 of plaster casts of portions of several specimens, the greater 

 part, including nearly the whole of the vertebral column, and 

 the scapulae, pelvis, femora, tibise, fibulae, and hind feet being 

 restored from three distinct specimens in the Carnegie Museum, 

 Pittsburg ; nearly the whole of the skull being from a specimen 

 in the National Museum, Washington ; and the atlas vertebra, 

 some chevron bones, and the fore feet from specimens in the 

 American Museum of Natural History, New York. The original 

 specimens were obtained under great difficulties from the Upper 

 Jurassic rocks of Wyoming. The complete skeleton as restored 

 is 84 ft. Sin. in length, and lift. 9 in. in height at the hind 

 limbs. The very small head, the long and flexible neck, and 

 the long tail with a whip-like end in which the caudal vertebrae 

 terminate, were remarked upon, the tail being stated to be 

 probably the animal's weapon of offence and defence. 



The Dinosauria are an order of huge terrestrial reptiles of 

 which Biplodocus belongs to the sub-order Sauropoda, or lizard- 

 footed, Cetiosaurus, Ornithoj)sis, and Brontosaurus being well- 

 known genera ; and portions of the skeletons of these, or casts 

 of them, were examined and compared with Biplodocus, the tail 

 of Cetiosmirus Leedsi, an animal about 60 feet in length from the 

 Oxford Clay of Peterborough, being noticed to have a similar 

 terminal lash. 



As an example of another order, the Sauropterygia, of which 

 Plesiosaurus and Mesosaurus are characteristic genera, a perfect 

 and finely set-up skeleton of Crypt oclidus oxoniensis was 

 examined ; this also is from the Oxford Clay of Peterborough. 

 The order contains both marine and terrestrial reptiles. 



Passing over the marine order Placodontia, represented by 

 Cyamodus, once thought to be a fish, and Placodus ; as examples 

 of the terrestrial order Anomodontia, skeletons of Cynognathus 

 crateronotus and Pariasaurus Bairiii were examined, the former 

 having a very large head compared to the size of its body, and 

 the latter having an extremely squat appearance, reminding one 

 somewhat of a dachshund. 



At the other end of the reptilian scale are the Pterosauria 

 or winged-lizards, of which the genus Pterodadylus is so well 

 known from the almost entire skeletons of several species found 

 in the lithographic stone of Bavaria, some of which were seen. 

 In this order is the remarkable genus Pteranodon, one species of 

 which, Pt. occidentalis, has wings measuring 18 feet across, and 

 although its jaws are 3 feet long it is devoid of teeth. 



Passing on to the Mammalia, Dr. Smith Woodward traced the 

 development of the horse and of the elephant as examples of the 

 TJngulata or hoofed animals, showing how the toes of the horse 

 gradually became reduced from four to one, and stating that the 

 present wild horse of South America was not the lior^e of the 

 aborigines, which became extinct, but the domestic horse brought 

 over by European man. The Pleistocene mammoth, he said, 



