Seventeenth Annual Meeting. 55 



There have been five different surveys of theStateof Indiana, beginning about L837, 

 when $1,000 was appropriated. Appropriations have been made each year subsequent 

 to 1860; total appropriations amounting to not less than $100,000; usual appropriations 

 amounting to $5,000 or $8,000. It has been of great practical benefit to the people, as it 

 has enhanced the taxable value of the State several millions; induced the building of 

 one hundred miles of railway ; suggested and created the erection and maintenance of 

 blast-furnaces, rolling mills, nail mills, glass works, potteries, tile works, terra cotta works, 

 and opened an animal export of crude materials to the amount of from $800,000 to 

 $1,200,000 annually. It lias especially created a market for our superior block coal, and 

 gives direction to sale of such materials as stone and clay in new markets, to the amount 

 of $100,000 to $200,000 annually. It has, by discovering road materials, increased gravel 

 roads all over the State. 



As important, or even more so, the State Geologist authoritatively, in open office, 

 gives information to citizens or foreigners as to the minerals, soils, stone, lime, gravel, and 

 other products of the State; its soils, forests, water, etc., being a constant advertising 

 agent for daily exhibiting its interests. 



In 1851 there was an appropriation of $3,000 per annum for the purpose of carrying- 

 on a geological survey of the State of Illinois. After a term of two years this appro- 

 priation was increased to $5,000. The appropriations continued until 1873 ; the total 

 amount of appropriations have been $110,000. The people have been greatly benefited 

 by this survey ; coal mining has been extended over nearly two-thirds of the State with 

 profit, and manufacturing industries of various kinds have sprung up in consequence of 

 an abundant supply of cheap fuel, bringing hither the raw materials of other States and 

 enabling our people to successfully compete with Eastern manufacturers, in nearly every 

 department of manufacturing. The zinc and iron ores of Wisconsin and Missouri are 

 brought here in large quantities for smelting, and valuable deposits of fire clay, potters' 

 (day, and mineral paints, together with building stone and marbles in extensive deposits, 

 have been made known through the reports of the geological survey. 



MICHIGAN. 



In 1869 an annual appropriation of $8,000 was made for the purpose of a geological 

 survey of the State of Michigan, to continue for so long a time as was necessary to com- 

 plete the survey. The mining industries of this State, producing iron, copper and salt 

 in immensely large quantities, do not seem to have originated as the result of previous 

 geological investigation, but its progress was decidedly benefited by a close scientific in- 

 vestigation of the structure of the earth's crust covering our State, and mining opera- 

 tions became more systematic and less hazardous. Also, the knowledge of the general 

 soil of the country in which we live, the building materials, etc., is of great importance 

 to every inhabitant cultivating the soil or following any other vocation. 



\VI-ro\SIN. 



A geological survey of the State of Wisconsin was made about the year 1853. In 

 that year the first appropriation was made, of $1,375. Appropriations have been made 

 each year since, amounting to $107,206. For references, see Prof. T. C. Chamberlain, 

 State Geologist, Beloit, Wisconsin. 



MISSOURI. 



Missouri has had a partial geological survey, but it was discontinued in 1874. Re- 

 ports show that it defined the boundaries of the coal fields, iron, lead, and zinc district-. 



