50 Transactions of the Kansas 



Mines of Cornwall, 1,201 feet deep, the increase is about half as much, or thirty-one 

 feet to a degree of heat. At the coal mine at Ravin, France, 597 feet deep, tlie in- 

 crease is one degree for every fifty-five feet. At another coal mine in the same 

 country, at Castellan, 630 feet deep, one degree to forty-one feet. At another at 

 Littry, 325 feet in depth, one degree for thirty-six feet. At a coal mine at Wigan, 

 Lancashire, England, 750 feet deep, one degree for each forty-eight feet, but far 

 from a uniform rate of increase at various depths. At the coal mine near Sunder- 

 land, England, 1,5S4 feet deep (going 1,500 feet deeper than the sea level), the in- 

 crease is one degree in sixty feet. At the Dolcoath mine, Cornwall, 1,381 feet deep, 

 one degree for every fifty-four feet. But the mine at Bechertgluck, Saxony, calls 

 for particular attention. The whole depth is 1,246 feet. For the first 236 feet from 

 the surface the increase of heat is at the rate of one degree for every 175 feet. For 

 the next 316 feet, one degree for each sixty-four feet. For the next forty feet, 

 about one-third of a degree. Then for 289 feet, one degree for each sixty-seven 

 feet, and for the remaining 366 feet, one degree for sixty-five feet. Thus we have 

 five differentrates of increase in one mine, the extremes being one degree for 175 feet, 

 and sixt3'-four feet, or a variance of 27.5 per cent. This shows that in this mine — 

 a very deep one — there is no systematic rule for the increase of heat with the depth. 

 It will be noticed, also, that the extremes of variation are included in a depth of 

 552 feet. As this is a variation caused by local influences, may not the heat in 

 other mines be also owing, in a greater or less degree, to local causes ? The lead 

 and silver mine of Kurpinz, in the same country, shows a similar example of vari- 

 ation. The mine is 1,063 feet deep. For the first 413 feet the increase is one degree 

 for each thirty-one feet. For the next 273 feet it is at the rate of one degree for 

 each forty-three feet; and from thence to the bottom of the mine, 377 feet, at the 

 rate of one degree for fifty feet. Here is a variance of sixty-one per cent. An in- 

 creasing ratio, but not a uniform one. In the immediate vicinity is another mine, 

 Junghoke, where the increase is one degree to 102 feet. 



Springs in mines, and more particularly artesian borings, which have been carried 

 to great depths, have been quoted to show the same law of increase. The results 

 of the observations are far more variable. 



In a spring in the mine of Kurpinz, 634 feet deep, the increase is one degree for 

 each nineteen feet. At Westphalia, in a well 2,200 feet deep, the increase is one 

 degree for fifty feet. At Yakutz, Siberia, in a well 407 feet deep, Magnus found a 

 gain of one degree for each twenty-seven feet. Other places in Siberia show that 

 the increase varies from thirty to as low as fourteen feet to each degree. 



The springs in the lead mines at PauUanen, Britany, show an increase varying 

 from eighty-two feet to 351 feet, to one degree of heat. 



At an artesian well near Berlin, 675 feet deep, there are three degrees of ratios of 

 increase, being one degree for twenty-eight, thirty-five and thirty-six feet, respec- 

 tively. In America the artesian -wells are equally at variance with any settled law 

 of increase. At New Brunswick, N. J., at a well 394 feet deep, there is an in- 

 crease of a degree for every seventy-two feet. At Charleston, S. C, 910 feet in 

 depth, a well gives one degree to each sixty-four feet. At Connelsville, Ohio, 400 

 feet deep, a boring gave one degree to 120 feet. Another at the same town, 819 

 feet deep, gave no increase. A well also, near Chicago, about 1,203 feet, showed 

 " no appreciable increase of heat." 



The Artesian well in the State House yard, at Columbus, Ohio, 2,575 feet deep, 

 gave a degree for every seventy-one feet. At Louisville, Ky., a well 2,086 feet deep 

 gave a degree to seventy-four feel. The well at St. Louis, Mo., the deepest in 

 America, 3,843 feet, is the most remarkable. At 3,029 feet it showed a nearly uni- 



