110 Kansas Academy of Science. 



posits were laid down by fringing glaciers in lakes (lakes 

 usually formed by glacial damming) or in the ocean. 



Foreign Formations Produced by Floating Ice. — These 

 are essentially marine deposits, and are due to icebergs de- 

 rived from distant glaciers. These bear to the point of deposit 

 material wholly of foreign origin. 



Shore Ridges Due to Ice Push. — In the northern latitudes 

 the shore action of ice (not including icebergs) is very notice- 

 able, producing shore ridges of unusual strength. 



Littoral Deposits. — If we confine the above class to those 

 ridges which were pushed upon shore above the reach of the 

 waters, we need also to recognize a class which was deposited 

 beneath the border of the body of the water, since they were 

 deposited by ice action. To this class is given the name "lit- 

 toral deposits." 



Off-shore Deposits. — These embrace the material of the 

 ice action off shore borne back in suspension or by ice-flows into 

 still waters and there deposited. They must, in the nature of 

 the case, simulate the formations produced by floating ice de- 

 rived from glaciers (Chamberlin). 



Dunes. — These are dunes similar to any other class of 

 dunes, except that the material is made up, in part, of grains 

 formed by glacial grinding instead of disintegrated and wave 

 wear, and in their correlation with the ice-border and the 

 glacial waters that issued from the ice, rather than with the 

 sandy shores of lakes and rivers (Chamberlm). 



