204 Kansas Academy of Science. 



the science of biology, which is the science of life." Anthro- 

 pology is therefore the highest department of the science of 

 life. Simple and truthful as this definition is, it is not grasped 

 •by the generality of workers in the science who do not ac- 

 knowledge the oneness of all life and the interrelationship of 

 all living things. Like all specialists, there is too much narrow 

 exclusiveness, and too little of the grasping of great principles, 

 in the study of anthropology. The science is divided into two 

 great divisions : The first is physical anthropology, which con- 

 siders man as a biological unit, an animal ; races and varieties ; 

 general and special anatomy; physiology, pathology, and all 

 the phenomena of his physical being. The second is called 

 cultural anthropology, which embraces the vast range of hu- 

 man achievements, the products of his hand and brain. As 

 Prof. W. H. Holmes says, "If the physical qualities of man in- 

 clude all that connects him with the brute, his cultural pro- 

 ducts, the work of his hands, includes all that distinguishes 

 him from the brute. If we wish to realize more fully the scope 

 of the latter division of the subject, which includes the ob- 

 jective evidences of culture, we have only to sweep away in 

 imagination all the myriads of things that it has brought into 

 the world ; destroy every city, town and dwelling ; set aside the 

 use of fire and cooked food; banish all language, government 

 and social organization — in short, destroy all that is the pro- 

 duct of human hand or brain, and when this has been done, we 

 may behold the real man standing in his original nakedness 

 among his fellows of the brute world." 



It is becoming more and more apparent that anthropology 

 is the science of the future. Its value to all departments of 

 life is becoming better recognized and the science has more fol- 

 lowers than ever before. Fifty years ago it was biology that 

 occupied the attention of thinking mankind. It was the time 

 of the battles of the giants, when the great questions of evolu- 

 tion and Darwinism, the origin of life and the antiquity of man, 

 were hotly discussed. But those questions were fought out, 

 and biology retired from the public stage to make way for the 

 reign of physics. The public mind was amazed and enter- 

 tained by the marvelous discoveries in this science next, as it 

 had been by the discussions in biology of the previous decades. 

 These marvelous discoveries laid the foundations of the won- 

 derful material advancement of the last quarter of the nine- 

 teenth century and were of absorbing interest. But now the 



