Forty-sixth Annual Meeting. 31 



typhoid death rate in Albany will be shown on the screen later, 

 in the Albany death-rate chart. Since the filters were placed 

 in operation in 1899 a reduction of 74.3 per cent in the typhoid 

 death rate has occurred. 



The Cincinnati filter plant was completed about the close of 

 1907, and is now furnishing the city of 400,000 people an 

 abundance of wholesome filtered water. The operation of these 

 filters has resulted in reducing the typhoid death rate in the 

 city from 280 per 100,000 to 48, or approximately 93 per cent. 

 The typhoid death rate both before and after the installation 

 of the filters is shown graphically in the accompanying death- 

 rate chart. 



TABLE OF TYPHOID DEATH RATE PER 100,000. 



Plant Per cent 



installed. Before. After. reduction. 



Binghamton, N. Y 1902 47 15 68% 



Columbus, Ohio 1908 78 11 86 



Hoboken, N. J 1905 19 14 26 



Paterson, N. J 1902 32 10 69 



Watertown, N. Y 1904 100 38 62 



York, Pa 1899 76 21 72 



Lawrence, Mass 1893 114 25 78 



Washington, D. C 1905 57 33 42 



Passaic, N.J 1902 36 13 64 



All streams in an inhabited country are more or less pol- 

 luted. As the population within the watershed of a stream 

 grows larger the probability of the dangerous contamination 

 of the stream is proportionately increased. Therefore the 

 necessity of purifying the water that is taken from the sur- 

 face stream for domestic consumption is an increasing one. 

 This necessity, however, is being met in a very creditable way 

 by most of the cities of Kansas where surface water is con- 

 sumed, though some are yet slow to recognize the importance 

 of the matter. 



Of thirty-nine municipal water plants in the state taking 

 their supply from surface water twenty are equipped with 

 filters, nine with sedimentation basins and coagulation appa- 

 ratus, and ten have no provision for purifying the water. All 

 of the filter plants except two are in good condition, and are 

 yielding a satisfactorily pure water when properly operated. 

 In most of the cases where coagulation and sedimentation 

 only is the method of purification the treatment is inadequate. 



More than half of the cities of Kansas secure their water 

 supply from wells. This well water in a few cases is aerated 

 and passed through a sedimentation basin before entering the 



