MORPHOLOGY OF THE BEAIX IX TIIF. .MAMMALIA. 321 



Tee Liteuature *. 



Since Ticdomann f first described the brain of Lemur moiKjo:, a very considerable 

 numl)er of memoirs on tbc Prosimian braiu liave l)ceii published. Tiie interest of the 

 numerous early descriptions, Avhicli include those of Lcuret (1830), Schroeder A'an der 

 Kolk and Vrolik (IHiS 51), and van dor Iloeveu aud van Canipm- (185!)), is almost purely 

 historical. But the same period yielded an excellent memoir by Burmeister on the 

 braiu of Tarslns %, -which represents to the present day all the accurate information 

 we possess concerning- this ])rain. It is of further interest as the first really valuable 

 contribution to our knowledge of the Prosimian brain. 



The most critically-careful descriptions of any Lemurs' brains are contained in the 

 two memoirs of W. H. Flower §, which include brief accounts of the brain in Lemur 

 fiilvus [_nigrifrons] and Nijctlcehus tardigradns, with notes on that of a Galacio. 



In 1886 Richard Owen published the first account of the brain of CliiroiH.ys, in a 

 memoir 1| which lacks the clearness and definiteness of Elower's monographs. 



In 1872 Paul Gcnwais gave an interesting account of the shape of the brain in the 

 A arious genera of LiMuurs from the data supplied by the study of cranial casts ^[ ; but as 

 lie made little or no attempt ** to check the results of his examination of the cranial 

 moulds by comparison with the actual braina, he draws many inferences concerning the 

 latter, and also with regard to tlie affinities of tlie Lemurs (see the title of his memoir I), 

 which are not justified by a study of the brain itself. 



In 1875 A. Milne-Edwards gave an account of the brain in the Indrisinoe ft, whic-h 

 represents all tlie published data concerning the actual brains in the genera Lndris, 

 Fropitliecus, and Acti/iis. [Many recent \-\riters (siicli as Flatau and Jacobsohn, whose 

 acquaintance with the bibliography of their siibject is as slight as their knowledge oi' 

 the actual mammalian brain) attribute the knowledge of the brain in Lidrls to 

 Chudziuski, who borrowed from Milne-Edwards's monograph, and to Znckerkandl, A\hu 

 makes the merest reference to the brain of VropUhecua diadema + + .] 



* Several of the titles, more especial!}- of the eailier memoirs, are not given in this list. A\ hen recently in 

 I'^ngland I read the whole literature of the Prosimian hrain, excepting only the memoir of Bischotf, which 1 

 unintentionally overlooked. But 1 neglected to make any notes on such memoirs as contained no information of 

 any value, and even neglected the titles of some. To an exile from the lands of lihraries, the gifts of reprints 

 such as 1 have to acknowledge from Dr. Forsyth ^lajor, Mr. Eeddard, and Professor IJuickhardt are especially 

 welcome. 



i" ' Icones Cerebri .Simiarura et quorundam ilammalium rariorum,' Heidelberg, ISiii. 



% ' Beitriige zur niiheren Kenntniss der Gattung Tarsitts,' Berlin, lS4(i. 



§ " On the Posterior Lobes of the Cerebrum of the Quadrumaiui,'" I'liil. Trans. IS'iL' : and '• On the Brain of tlie 

 .lavan Loris (Steitops jttvdnkus, Hlig.)," Trans. Zool. Soc. 186(i. 



]i "On the Aye-aye,"" Trans. Zool. Soc, vol. v. 180(5, pp. G8 et se'j. 



•[ " Mcmoires sur les formes cerebrales propres a I'ordre des Lcmures,"" Journal do Zoologie, tome i. 



^■* He refers to an earlier account of a Lemur"s brain in his Hist. d. Mainmiferes, which I have had no opportunity 

 of consulting. 



tt In Grandidier's ' Histoirc Phj'sique, Xaturollc et Politique de JLidugascar," (2) tome vi. texte (Paiis. 

 1^7.")1. 



Ji E. Zuckerkandl, ' Uebcr das Ileichcentrum," Stuttgart, 18S7, Taf. \i. fig. 2S (pp. 2'J, 45, & 70). 



48* 



