3. HBLMIHTHOPHILA. 243 



feathers ashy brown, edged with yellowish olive, the two centre 

 feathers entirely of the latter colour, the outer ones with a narrow 

 fringe of white near the end of the inner web ; head and hind neck 

 dull ashy grey, with a patch of deep chestnut in the centre of the 

 crown ; lores ashy whitish ; round the eye a conspicuous ring of 

 white feathers ; sides of face, cheeks, sides of neck, and ear-coverts 

 duU ashy grey ; entire under surface of body yellow, a trifle more 

 oUve on the flanks ; lower abdomen whitish ; thighs ashy, externally 

 washed with olive ; under tail-coverts yellow ; axillarics white, 

 tipped with yellow ; under wing-coverts yellow, brighter along the 

 edge of the wing: quills dusky ash-colour below, whitish along the 

 edge of the wing; "bill greenish brown; feet yellowish green ; 

 iris dark brown " (Audubon). Total length 4-5 inches, culmen 0*45, 

 wing 2-4, tail 1-95, tarsus 0-65. 



Adult male in winter. Differs from the summer plumage, as 

 described above, in having the coronal chestnut patch obseiu'ed by 

 ashy-grey tips to the feathers ; the mantle and upper back have 

 also greyish margins, remains of which may often be seen in spring 

 plumage. lu some winter-killed specimens the grey occupies the 

 whole of the head and back, leaving only the rump and upper tail- 

 coverts olive-yellow. This may take place in young birds of the 

 first year only, or may be a sign of extreme age, a fact which further 

 research and a larger series of skins alone can determine. The ex- 

 tent of grey on the mantle is very variable, even in breeding birds. 



Adidt female in hreeding-jilumage (Ut^i^bt Klamath Lake, Oregon, 

 May 18 ; A. Ferrer). Very similar to the male, but rather duller 

 in colour, the chestnut patch on the crown more obscured by ashy- 

 grey tips to the feathers, the white eye-ring not quite so distinct. 

 Total length 4 inches, culmen U-5, wing 2-3, tail 1-7, tarsus 0-65. 

 (J/ms. Salvin and Godman.) 



Young. Similar to the adult female, but wanting the chestnut 

 patch on the crown. 



Dr. Coues says that the adult female is often without the chestnut 

 patch on the crown. Autumnal specimens, according to the same 

 author, " of both sexes, though qiiite as yellow below as in summer, 

 have the ash of the head glossed over with olivaceous, and in birds 

 of the year the crown-patch may be entirely wanting." 



Hah. Temperate North America, but especially the Eastern 

 Province ; west only rarely to Utah, Nevada, and even California : 

 common, migratory in most of its U.S. range, but breeding in New 

 England (and further south in alpine regions) and thence northwards 

 (Coues). Winters in Mexico and Guatemala. 



a. Ad. sk. N. America. Sclater CoUectiou. 



6. Ad. sk. N. America (Cassew). Sclater Collection. 



c. (J ad. sk. Sugar Grove, N. Y., May 10 (H. R. B. Sharpe, Esq, [P.]. 



A'. Coale). 



d. 6 ad. sk. Chicago, lU., Sept 2S (H. K. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 



Coale). 



e. 2 ad. sk. Lake Forest, 111., May 15 (H. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 



K. Coale). 



b2 



