290 MHIOTlLTn)^. 



and under tail-coverts whiter, with only a faint tinge of yeUow ; 

 under wing-coverts and axillaries white, the latter slightly tinged 

 with yellow, the edge of the wing mottled with black bases to the 

 feathers ; quiUs dusky below, inner edges white : " bill and logs 

 umber-brown, the former bluish at the base below ; iris hazel " 

 (Audubon). Total length 5 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 2-7, tail 2, 

 tarsus 0-7. 



Adult female in spring plumage. Similar to the male, but duller 

 in colour, the orange of the throat and eyebrow less vivid, and the 

 ear-coverts dusky brown. The upper surface of the body is much 

 browner, being washed with ashy olive, and not deep black as in 

 the male ; the yellow frontal spot very pale and concealed, all the 

 feathers being tipped with dusky blackish like the rest of the head; 

 a double wing-bar formed by the white tips to the median and 

 greater coverts ; the white on the taU much less developed than in 

 the male, the third feather having only a small spot of white near 

 the end of the inner web. Total length 4-6 inches, culmen 0-5, 

 wing 2'6, tail 2-0, tarsus 0"65. (Mus. Salvin and Godman.) 



Young in first autumn plumage. More like the old female, but 

 differing considerablv from the adult plumage of either sex. General 

 colour above olive-brown, the centre of the back streaked with 

 dusky brown, the feathers edged with dull ochre ; the head like the 

 back, with an obscure mark of ochreous on the fore part of the 

 crown, indicating the yellow coronal patch of the adult ; the hind 

 neck not streaked at all ; the rump and upper tail-coverts rather 

 more ashy olive, more distinctly streaked with blackish ; lesser 

 wing-coverts like the back ; the median and greater series blackish, 

 edged with olive and tipped with white, forming a double wing- 

 bar ; quiUs blackish, margined with olive, the inner secondaries 

 with whitish ; tail-feathers dusky brown, margined with olive, the 

 two outer feathers with an irregularly shaped patch of white near 

 the end of the inner web ; lores and ear-coverts dull olive-brown, 

 with a yellowish spot below the eye, resembling the lower eyelid 

 which adjoins it : eyebrow pale yeUow, obscured somewhat with 

 brown ; sides of neck slightly mixed with yellow behind the ear- 

 coverts ; throat and fore neck clear olive-yellow ; remainder of 

 under surface paler yellow, becoming whiter on the abdomen and 

 under tail-coverts, the latter, as well as the sides of the body and 

 flanks, streaked with dusky ; axillaries and under wing-coverts 

 white, slightly tinged with yellow and mottled with dusky bases 

 near the edge of the wing ; quills dusky below, white along the 

 edge of the inner web. Total length 4*2 inches, culmen 0'45, wing 

 2-5, tail I'S, tarsus 0-7. 



Adult nude in winter plumage. Chiefly distinguished from the 

 summer plumage by the paler colour of the yellow eyebrow and 

 throat ; the black facial markings present as in summer, but ob- 

 scured by olive ; the whole of the black on the upper parts obscured 

 by a wash of ashy olive, with which the feathers are broadly 

 edged and tipped ; no wing-patch on the inner greater coverts, but 

 a double wing-bar formed by the tips of the median and greater 

 series ; the fore neck gradually deepening into orange. Before 



