7. DENDECECA. 321 



nut, extending down the sides of the neck, along the sides of the 

 breast and flanks ; tore neck, breast, abdomen, and under tail- 

 coverts ochreoiis white, as also the thighs ; axillaries and under 

 wing-coverts ochreous white, mottled with blackish bases near the 

 edge of the wing ; quills dusky brown below, white along the edge 

 of the inner web : " bill blackish above, greyish blue beneath ; feet 

 greyish blue; iris hazel" (Audubon). Total length 5-2 inches, 

 culmen 0*45, wing 3'05, tail 2'15, tarsus 0'75. 



Adult female in breeding-plumaeje . More ashy than the male on 

 the upper surface, washed with olive and streaked with black centres 

 to the feathers, excej^t on the rump and lower back ; coronal patch 

 on the head much paler chestnut; forehead and sides of crown ashy 

 olive, streaked with black centres to the feathers ; sides of face 

 dusky olive, mottled with bluish bases to the feathers ; eyelid and 

 an ill-defined eyebrow olive-yellow ; sides of neck pale ochreous ; 

 under surface of body ochreous white, the throat pale chestnut, 

 the sides of the breast and flanks also mixed with pale chestnut ; 

 wings and tail as in the male. Total length 5 inches, culmen 0*5, 

 wing 2-8, tail 2-1, tarsus 0-75. 



Young in luinter plumage. Eesembles the adult female, but is 

 uniform olive above, without any blackish centres to the feathers, 

 the rump and upper tail-coverts like the back ; the white wing-bars 

 tinged with olive-yellow, the inner secondaries broadly edged with 

 ashy whitish ; tail as in adults ; an ill-defined eyebrow and eyelid 

 olive-yellowish ; cheeks and ear-coverts olive-yellowish, the latter 

 dusky on the upper margin ; under surface of body ochreous white, 

 slightly olive on the throat and breast, browner on the sides of the 

 body ; under tail-coverts clearer ochreous buff; axillaries and under 

 wing-coverts white, slightly tiuged with yellow. 



Aelidt males and females in luinter plumage lose all trace of the 

 chestnut on the crown, and are olive above, like the young birds, but 

 they are always more or less striped, the males particularly so. It 

 is evident that the birds of the year, after their first spring moult, 

 fall very far short of the rich coloration of the fuU-plumaged males, 

 the chestnut on the throat and flanks being very pale, and the chest- 

 nut on the head not more pronounced than in the adult females. It 

 appears, therefore, that it takes some time before the fully adult 

 plumage is assumed, at least two years. There is generallj- some 

 rufous on the flanks in winter-killed specimens of adults, but this is 

 replaced bj- a brownish shade in the young. 



Hah. Eastern province of North America, north to Hudson's Bay 

 (not Alaska nor Greenland) : west only to the edge of the plains; 

 migratory only in nearly all the United States ; breeds from northern 

 New England northward {Coues). "Winters in Panama and Colombia. 

 Of very rare occurrence in Guatemala (Salvin and Godman). 



a,b. cJ $ ad. ; c. North America. Purchased. 



Juv. St. 



d. c? ad. sk. North America. Sclater Collection. 



e. <S ad.;/. Juv. sk. Niagara Falls {J. G.). Gould Collection. 

 g. (S ad. sk. Wisconsin, May 15. Dr. Brewer [P.]. 



VOL. X. T 



