10. siuRus. 341 



the tail ; lesser -wiHg-coverts like the back ; median and greater 

 coverts a little lighter olive Avith paler tips ; bastard-wing and 

 primarj--coverts dusky, washed externally with olive ; quills dusky, 

 externally olive, the first primary edged with whitish ; centre tail- 

 feathers like the back, the remainder dusky brown, externally olive 

 like the back, the outer ones fringed at the tip with white ; centre 

 of crown dull orange washed with olive, with a broad streak of 

 black along either side of the orange patch, extending as far as the 

 nape ; lores ashy white ; sides of crown ashy olive, forming a broad 

 eyebrow ; feathers round the eye dull whitish ; ear-coverts and 

 hinder part of cheeks ashy olive ; fore part of cheeks white, with a 

 dusky blackish line above and below, the moustachial line more 

 distinct ; sides of neck olive ; throat and under surface of body 

 white, with distinct triangular spots of black on the lower thi-oat, 

 fore neck, and breast, more longitudinal on the sides of the body and 

 flanks, which are washed with brown ; thighs ashy brown ; abdomen 

 and under tail-coverts white; under wing-coverts and axillaries 

 pale olive with duskj' bases ; quills duskj' below, ashy along the 

 inner edge : " bill dusky above, flesh-coloured beneath ; feet very 

 light flesh-coloured ; iris brown " (Audubon). Total length 5-7 

 inches, culmen 0-5, wing 3*05, tail 2-3, tarsus 0-9. 



Adult male. Similar to the adult female, but having the black spots 

 on the breast rather more plentiful and distinct. Total length 5'6 

 inches, culmen 0'55, wing 2-95, tail 2-25, tarsus 0-85. 



The winter plumage is very similar to the summer plumage, 

 but is rather warmer olive. As the breeding-season progresses the 

 upper surface gets worn and becomes more ashj' and the orange of 

 the head paler. 



" This species exhibits a remarkable constancy of coloration with 

 age, sex, and season. The sexes are indistinguishable, and the 

 young are scarcely to be told from the adults. Fall specimens are 

 ordinarily quite as clearly coloured as those of the spring ; and the 

 orange-brown crown-spot, -though it may be more or less bright, is 

 acquired by the young with their first full feathering. There is 

 doubtless a very early streaky stage." ( Cones.) 



Hah. Eastern North America to the Eocky Mountains (Denver, 

 Colorado), the Yellowstone, and Alaska ; breeds indifterently in its 

 North-American range ; winters from the Bermudas and P'lorida 

 southward (Coues). Throughout Central America from Mexico to 

 Panama. Bermuda and West-India Islands. 



a. Ad. sk. North America. Sclater Collectiou. 



b. Ad. sk. Niagara Falls (/. G.). Gould Collection. 



c. Ad. sk. Michigan. Prof. Steere [P.]. 



d. (5 ad. sk. Mount Carmel, Illinois, R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 



April 15 (/. L. Ridr/iccqi). 



e. Ad. sk. Mount Carmel, lUinoLs {8. U.S. Nat. Museum [P.]. 



Turner). 



f. $ ad. sk. Ilvde Park, Illinois, May 7 R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 



\H. K. Coale). 



g. J jiiv. sk. Sheffield, Indiana, Sept. 25 R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 



{H. K. Coale). 



