20. SETOPHAGA. 413 



neck with reddish-white bases to the feathers ; sides of breast and 

 flanks pale orange-scarlet, the former mottled with black spots near 

 the black chest ; centre of breast and abdomen white, washed with 

 red ; under tail-coverts white with dusky centres, the long ones 

 dusky blackish ; thighs dull white, blackish posteriorly ; axillaries 

 and under wing-coverts pale orange-scarlet ; quills dusky, pale 

 orange-scarlet on the inner web : " bill brownish black ; feet 

 blackish ; iris dark brown " (Audubon). Total length 5 inches, cul- 

 men 0-45, wing 2--i5, tail 2-3, tarsus 0-7. 



The plumage of the adult male is more brilliant in winter than in 

 summer : the black is more glossy and brilliant, and the red on the 

 wings and tail and breast is much brighter and more orange-red. 



Adult female. Difi'erent from the male. Ashy brown above, with 

 a wash of olive ; lesser wing-coverts like the Isack ; median series 

 dusky brown, edged with ashy ; greater coverts dusky brown, 

 slightly edged with oHve-brown ; bastard-wing and primary-coverts 

 brown ; quiUs brown, edged with olive-yellow, the secondaries with 

 a patch of brighter yellow near the base ; upper tail-coverts dusky 

 brown ; four centre tail-feathers blackish brown, all the others pale 

 yellow, with dark-brown shafts and a broad band of blackish brown 

 at their ends ; crown of head and nape ashy ; lores, feathers above 

 and round the eye, and ear-coverts paler grey ; eyelid ashy whitish ; 

 cheeks and throat pale ashy white, browner and washed with olive- 

 yeUow on the fore neck ; sides of upper breast brighter olive-yellow ; 

 breast and abdomen as weU as the under tail-coverts white, the 

 latter with dusky-brown centres, the longer coverts entirely duslvy 

 brown ; asillaiies and under wing-coverts pale yellow, those near 

 the edge of the wing ashy ; quills dusky brown, yellow along the 

 edge of the inner web. Total length 4-5 inches, culmen 0'4o, 

 wing 2-2, tail 2-2, tarsus 0-65. 



Younri male. Eesembles the old female, but is rather more olive 

 on the back, and purer grey on the head ; the yellow spot on the 

 quills is found on the inner primaries as well as the secondaries ; 

 the throat is purer greyish white ; and the fore neck and chest, as 

 well as the sides of the breast, are brighter yellow. Around the 

 lores and the eyes, as well as on the chin and throat, are several 

 black feathers of the approaching adult plumage. 



An immature male killed on the 14th of May shows a consider- 

 able trace of orange-scarlet on the sides of the breast and on the 

 tail-feathers. According to Cones, the male bird does not obtain his 

 fuU plumage uutU the third year. 



Hah. The greater part of temperate North America, especially 

 the eastern province ; north to Fort Simpson ; west to Utah ; breed- 

 ing in most of the United States, and all of its British American 

 range {Cones). Winters throughout Central America, extending to 

 Guiana, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, as well as to most of the 

 West-India islands. 



a. (S ad. St. North America. Purchased. 



b. S ad. ; c. S Fort Simpson, May. B. R. Ross, Esq. [P.]. 

 imm. sk. 



