1. JIOTACILLA. 467 



grey like the back, and similarly washed with olive ; median and 

 greater coverts blackish, externally washed with brownish ashy, 

 whiter towards the ends of the feathers ; bastard-wing, primary- 

 coverts, and quills blackisli, externally edged with dull ashy, the 

 inner secondaries browner on the outer web, which is fringed with 

 duU white ; tail as iu adult, but with black extending along the 

 outer web of the penultimate feather; head like the back, and 

 washed with olive in the same manner ; a frontal band of white 

 obscured with yellowish olive ; lores ashy ; a streak of yellowish 

 white above the ear-coverts, surmounted by a line of blackish along 

 the sides of the crown ; ear-coverts pale yellowish, as also the sides 

 of the neck ; throat yellowish white, followed by a crescentic band 

 of black on the fore neck, which extends upwards in a broad line 

 to the hinder part of the cheeks ; the black crescent extending to a 

 point on the centre of the chest ; remainder of under surface of 

 body white, washed with yellowish on the upper breast and with 

 grey on the sides of the body and flanks ; axillaries white, washed 

 with yeUow; under vring-coverts white, mottled with blackish 

 bases near the edge of the wing. Total length 7 inches, culmen 

 0*55, wing 3'45, tail 3"35, tarsus 0*85. 



The adult in winter plumafje has a grey back, white forehead, 

 and black crown and nape ; the sides of the crown, region of the 

 eye, ear-coverts, sides of neck, cheeks, and throat pure white, some- 

 times with a slight tinge of yellow ; on the fore neck a broad black 

 crescent, extending up the sides of the throat to the hinder cheeks ; 

 otherwise the plumage is the same as in summer, excepting that 

 the wing-covei-ts are more ashy. 



Adult male in breedin^-plumcoje. General colour above light 

 ashy grey from the nape to the upper tail-coverts, the latter being 

 blackish edged with ashy grey, the lateral ones externally white ; 

 lesser wing-coverts ashy grey ; median and greater series black, 

 oxternally edged and broadly tipped with white, the outer greater 

 coverts, browner; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills dark 

 brown, edged with ashy, the longer inner secondaries rather broadly 

 margined with white, the innermost ones externally brown ; tail- 

 feathers black, the two centre ones edged with white, the two outer- 

 most white, black at the base and obliquely along the edge of the 

 inner web ; a broad frontal band, lores, cheeks, sides of face, ear- 

 coverts, and sides of crown pure white, the top of the head and nape 

 black ; sides of neck white, washed with ashy ; throat and fore 

 neck black, the lower feathers tipped with white where they adjoin 

 the breast, which is entirely white as well as the under tail-coverts ; 

 flanks and sides of body light ashy grey, clearer on the sides of 

 the upper breast ; thighs ashy white ; under wdng-coverts and axil- 

 laries white, the coverts near the edge of the wing with blackish 

 bases ; quiUs dusky brown below, lighter along the edge of the inner 

 web, whiter near the base of the feathers ; bill, legs, and feet black ; 

 iris dark brown. Total length 6-7 inches, cuLnen 0-5, wing 3-35, 

 tail 3-35, tarsus O'So. 



Adult female. Similar to the male. Females in the first spring 



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