494 motacillidjE, 



and abdomen a slight ycllo-wish tinge ; sides of body and thighs 

 pale reddish brown ; across the fore neck a collar of dark brown. 



Young after first moiilt. Can generally be distinguished by its 

 brown head and back and a slight brownish appearance on the white 

 of the throat ; some of the lateral upper tail-coverts edged with 

 white ; the white tips to the greater wing-coverts very distinct, and 

 forming a wing-bar. 



Adult male. General colour above brown, with a faint wash of 

 olive; wing-coverts like the back, the outer median and greater 

 series, as well as the bastard-wing, edged with ashy olive ; primary- 

 coverts and quills dark brown, edged with ashy olive, browner on 

 the secondaries, the first primary narrowly margined with white ; 

 upper tail-coverts and tail-feathers blackish brown, the two outer 

 feathers white, with a mark of brown extending from the base of 

 the oui^er web for some distance obliquely up the inner web and 

 more extended on the penultimate than the external feather ; head 

 and hind neck dull ashy grey ; a narrow eyebrow of white ; lores, 

 feathers below the eye, and ear-coverts blackish ; checks and entire 

 throat white ; across the fore neck a rather broad crescentic band 

 of black ; breast and abdomen pale yellowish or white washed with 

 pale yellow, becoming pure white on the under tail-coverts ; sides 

 of body bro^vn, the sides of the i;pper breast lighter and more ashy 

 brown ; thighs dusky brown ; axillaries pale ashy or smoky brown ; 

 under wing-coverts white, with dusky bases, the edge of the wing 

 mottled with dark brown ; quills below dusky brown, with a large 

 patch of white near the base of the inner web. Total length 

 7-2 inches, culmen 0-65, wing 3-25, tail 3-4, tarsus 0*95. 



Adult female. Similar to the male, but a little duller in colour, 

 and having the coUar on the fore neck not quite so broadly indicated. 

 Total length 6-8 inches, culmen 0"65, wing 3'2, tail 3'35, tarsus 0"95. 



Adult in winter plumage. Dull olive-brown above, the head a 

 little greyer than the back ; the greater coverts tipped, and the 

 inner secondaries edged rather broadly, with whity brown ; lateral 

 upper tail-coverts with slightly pronounced whitish edges ; under- 

 neath the yellow colour is more pronounced on the breast and 

 abdomen, and the ashy-brown axillaries have also a tinge of yellow. 



In the breeding-plumage the feathers become much abraded, 

 the tips to the greater coverts and the edges to the secondaries 

 being quite worn off. Below, the yellow on the breast is less 

 strongly pronounced, and the whole aspect of the bird is darker. 



Hah. South Africa, extending all over the Cape Colony to Ma- 

 shoona Land on the east, and to Damara Land and Benguela on 

 the west. 



a. Pull. sk. South Africa. Sir A. Smith [P.]. 



b. Ad. hiem. sk. South Africa. J. B. Jukes, Esq. [P.]. 



c. Ad. biem. sk. South Africa. J. Rocke, Esq. [P.]. 



d. e. Ad. hiem. sk. Cape Town {Layard). Sharps Collection. 



/. Ad. ifistiv. sk. Natal {T. Ay res). J. H. Gurney, Esq. [P.]. 



g. S ad. sestiv. sk. Natal. Dr. Gueiuzius [C.]. 



h. 5 ad. sestiv. sk. Natal (Gtiemzitts). Gould Collection, 



