1. MOTACILLA. 511 



Motacilla flava rayi, Schleg. Rev. Crit. p. xxxviii (1844) ; Heuyl. 

 Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 321 (1869). 



Motacilla rayi, mivits. Brit. B. Eggs, p. 129, pi. 34. fig. 3 (1846) ; 

 Powys, Ibis, 1860, p. 229 ; Stevenson, B. Norf. i. p. 165 (1866) ; 

 Smith, Ibis, 1868, p. 442 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 247, no. 8582 

 (1869) ; Wright, Ibis, 1870, p. 491 ; R. Gray, B. W. Scott, p. 144 

 (1871) ; Ilartimi, Handb. Brit. B. p. 23 (1872) ; Newt. ed. YarreWs 

 Brit. B. i. p. 5( ;4 ( ls74) ; Dress. B. Em: iii. p. 277, pi. 131 (1875) ; 

 Harting, Suvniier Migr. p. 117 (1875); Fallon, Ois. Belg. -p. Gd, 

 note (1875) ; Dress. Ibis, 1876, p. 179 ; B. O. U. List Brit. B. p. 31 

 (1883) ; Seebohm, Hist. Brit. B. ii. p. 212 (1883). 



MotaciUa flava anglica, Schleg. Vog. Nederl. p. 190 (1854). 



Budvtes neglectus {nee Gould), Brehm, Vogelf. p. 142 (1855) ; 

 Homeyer lij- Tancre, MT. orn. Ver. Wien, 1883, p. 86. 



Motacilla anglorum, Flor. Prev., teste Degl. ^ Gerbe, Or7i. Eur. i. 

 p. 442 (1867). 



Motacilla flava campestris, Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 322 (1869). 



Motacilla flava, var. rayi, Finsch ^- Hartl. Vog. Ostafr. p. 273 

 (1870). 



Motacilla flava, var. campestris, Finsch ^- Hartl. t. c. p. 273 (1870). 



Motacilla flava, var. flavifi'ons, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 67 (1873). 



Budytes flavifrons, Severtz. Str. F. 1875, p. 424. 



Young in first plumage. General colour above earthy brown, the 

 feathers of the back and scapulars darker brown with paler ends ; 

 lower rump rather paler brown; the upper tail-coverts mottled, 

 dark brown with pale reddish-brown tips ; lesser wing-coverts like 

 the back ; median wing-coverts blackish, edged and broadly tipped 

 with whity brown ; greater coverts blackish, externally pale earthy 

 brown, lighter and more of a ruddy white at the ends ; bastard-wing 

 blackish; primary- coverts and quills blackish, externally edged with 

 light earthy brown, paler and broader on the secondaries ; tail- 

 feathers blackish, edged with pale brown, the two outer ones white, 

 with a broad edging of dark brown on the inner web, much wider 

 on the penultimate feather ; head brown like the back, with a blackish 

 Ime along the sides of the crown ; a streak of dull white above the 

 eye over the ear- coverts ; lores also dull white ; ear-coverts brown ; 

 throat dull white ; remainder of under surface of body pale earthy 

 fulvous, the lower throat mottled with black spots descending on 

 the fore neck in a mesial streak ; under tail-coverts slightly tinged 

 with yellow ; axillaries white, with a faint tinge of yellow'; under 

 wing-coverts ashy white, mottled near the edge of the wing with 

 dusky bases. 



From the first plumage the young bird obtains its winter dress 

 by a moult, the winter plumage of the young bird being easily re- 

 cognized by the light fawn-colour on the throat and eyebrow. Before 

 they leave England many of the young, probably those of the first 

 brood, become paler, and almost white on the throat. The youno- 

 female is always paler than the young male and has always less 

 yellow on the belly. There are spots to be seen on the fore neck in 

 both sexes in the winter plumage. 



Yomuj male in first ivinter plumage. General colour above olive- 

 brown, more inclining to olive-yellow on the lower back, rump, and 



