3. ANTHUS. 587 



bastard-wing blackish, narrowly edged with biiffy white ; primary- 

 coverts and quills dark browu, edged with sandy buff, the secon- 

 daries more broadly with creamy white towards the ends ; upper 

 tail-coverts like the back and with dark centres to the feathers, the 

 long ones broadly centred with black, the edges rather sandy 

 rufous ; tail-feathers dark brown, edged with sandy brown, whiter 

 towards the tips, the cuter feather smoky white, the outer web 

 light brown, the inner web obhquely dark brown from the base up- 

 wards ; penultimate feather with a wedge-shaped spot of white at 

 the end of the inner web ; head like the back, but more narrowly 

 centred with black ; a narrow but distinct eyebrow of deep vinous 

 red, the eyelid and feathers below the eye of the same colour ; ear- 

 coverts saudy brown ; lores ash}' ; sides of neck distinctly washed 

 with vinous ; cheeks, throat, and breast deep vinous, with a few 

 black streaks on the centre of the breast, the sides of the upper 

 breast being a little more distinctly striped ; remainder of under 

 surface of body rich sandy buff, including the thighs ; the under 

 tail-coverts deeper coloured, the longer ones with blackish bases ; 

 the sides of the body streaked with black, more broadly on the 

 sides of the breast; axillaries dusky brown, with olive-yellowish 

 edges, not very distinctly pronounced ; under wing-coverts dull 

 whitish, with dusky bases to the feathers near the edge of the wing ; 

 quills dusky brown below, ashy along the inner web : " biU dark 

 brown, the gape and base of lower mandible yellowish ; legs yel- 

 lowish flesh-colour; claws horn-colour ; iris brown" {Oates). Total 

 length 5*6 inches, culmen 0-55, wing 3'5, tail 2*5, tarsus 0"S5. 



Adult female in hrecdlng-plumaijc. Similar to the male on the 

 upper surface, but differing below in having the throat alone vinous 

 chestnut, the rest of the body from the fore neck downwards being 

 sandy buff ; the fore neck broadly spotted with blackish centres to 

 the feathers, a little narrower and longer on the sides of the body 

 and flanks, and quite narrow and linear on the breast. Total length 

 5*3 inches, culmen 0-6, wing 3'2, tail 2'4, tarsus 0"8. 



Winter plumage (Amoj-, November ; R. Swinhoe). General 

 colour sandy olive-brown, with fulvous edges to the feathers of the 

 mantle and back ; all the upper parts broadly streaked with black 

 centres to the feathers, the rump and upper tail-coverts equally dis- 

 tinctly centred as the back ; lesser wing-coverts like the back ; 

 median and greater series blackish brown, edged with sandy buff 

 and tipped with whitish ; bastard-wing blackish brown, with sandy- 

 whitish edges ; primary-coverts and quills brown, edged with ashy 

 olive, more fulvescent on the secondaries, the innermost of which 

 are rather broadly margined with yellowish white ; tail-feathers 

 blackish brown, edged with ashy olive, the outer ones white, brown 

 along the outer web, and obliquely dark brown on the inner 

 web ; the penultimate feathers with a triangular-shaped mark of 

 white at the end ; a distinct eyebrow yellowish white, as also the 

 eyelid ; ear-coverts brown, streaked below the eye with yellowish 

 white ; cheeks and under surface of body yellowish buff, with a 

 distinct malar line of black, the fore neck and breast very distmctly 



