3. ANTHTJ8. 599 



have never seen the vinous-plumaged adnlt of this species ; but the 

 immature birds aud wintcr-plumaged specimens in the iluseum differ 

 in the black spotting of the under surface, which is much more pro- 

 nounced than in A. peniwjlvanicus at similar periods of its life. 

 A pair measure as follows, both being apparently in autumn 

 plumage : — 



Total 



length. Culmeii. Wing. Tail. Tarsus, 

 in. in. in. in. in. 



Although belonging to the same group of Pipits as A. pennsyl- 

 vanicus, the Japanese bird differs in the less amount of white on the 

 penultimate taU-feather, aud I believe that when all the phases of 

 its plumage are understood it will be found to bo more closely 

 allied to the Eastern race of the Water-Pipit, A. hlahlstoni. 



Hab. Eastern Siberia and Kamtschatka, wintering in Japan aud 

 China (according to Mr. Seebohm, even in the Himalayas and the 

 valley of the Indus). 



a. cj autumn, sk. Hakodate, Japan, Oct. H. Whitely, Esq. [C.]. 



IS, 1864. 



b. Juv. autumn, sk. Japan. Gould Collection, 

 c,d. c? $ autumn. Yokohama. Prof. Mine [C.]. 



sk. 



22. Anthus obscurus. 



Tit-Lark, Pern. Brit. Zool. p. 94, pi. P.i. fig. 3 (1766). 



i^lauda obscura, Lath. Ind. Om. ii. p. 494 (1790). 



Alauda petiosa, Mont. Trmis. Linn. Soc. iv. p. 41 (1798). 



Spipola obscui-a, Leach, Syst. Cat. Mamm. Sf Birds Brit. Mm. p. 22 



(1816). 

 Anthus nipestris, Nilss. Om. Swc. i. p. 245, pi. 9. figs. 1, 2 (1817) ; 



Bp. Comp. List B. Eur. i^- N. Amer. p. 18 (1838) ; Schl. Rev. Crit. 



p. XXXV (1844) ; Schl. Vo</. Kederl. pi. 95 (1854) ; Bku. in Naum, 



Vd(j. Deutschl. xiii. p. 108, pi. 371. fig. 2 (1860) ; Poioys, Ibis, 



1860, p. 229, Ibis, 1865, p. 2-37 ; Cordeaux, Ibis, 1875, p. 181. 

 Anthus aquaticus {iiec Bechst.), Mou.v, Om. Pi-ovenq. pi. 192 (1825) ; 



Selby, Brit. B. i. p. 258 (1833) ; Macgill. Brit. B. ii. p. 194 (1839) ; 



Kjcerb. Banm. Fugle, pi. xvii. fig. 2 (1852) ; Heioits. Egqs Br. B. 



i. p. 174, pi. 44. fig. 3 (1856) ; F. Hf P. Godm. Ibis, 186l" p. 83. 

 Alauda campestris, Bewick, Brit. B. p. 217 (1826). 

 Autbus petrosus, Fleming, Brit. An. p. 74 (1828) ; Thonips. B. Irel. 



i. p. 227 (ISli*) ; R. Gray, B. West Scotl. p. 117 (1871). 

 Anthus littoralis, Brehm, Vog. Deutschl. p. 331 (1831). 

 Anthus obscurus, Temni. Man. d'Orn. iv. p. 628 (1840) ; Werner, 



Atlas, Insectiv. pi. 51 ; Keys. u. Bias. Wirb. Eur. p. xlviii (1840) ; 



Selys-Lonqch. Faun. Belg. p. 86 (1842) ; Yarr. Brit. B. i. p. 394 



(1843) ; Gray, Geti. B. i. p. 206 (1847) ; Bp. Cunsp. i. p. 247 



(1850) ; Sundev. Svensk. Fogl. pi. 9. fig. 3 (1856) ; Schl. Bier. 



Nederl. Vogels, pi. 9. figs. 3, 4 (1861) ; Tristr. Ibis, 1861, p. 414; 



Gray, List Brit. B. p. 71 (1863) ; Gould, Ibis, 1865, p. 114 ; 3Iore, 



t. c. p. 124 ; Ber/l. ^- Gerbe, Om. Eur. i. p. 373 (1867) ; Borgr/r. 



Vogelf. Norddeu'tschl. p. 86 (1869); Wrir/Jit, Ibis, 1869, p. 246; 



Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 249, no. 3615 (ISO'J) ; Gould, B. Gt. Br. iii. 



