600 MOTACILLID^. 



pi. 10 (c. 1870) ; Ehves Sf BucMey, Ibis, 1870, p. 195 ; Fritsch, 

 Vd(). Eur. tab. 16. fig. 6 (1870) ; Salvad. Faun. ItaL, Ucc. p. 127 

 (1871) ; Hartim/, Handb. Brit. B. p. 24 (1872) ; Neivt. ed. Yarr. 

 Brit. B. i. p. 586 (1874) ; Dresser, B. Eur. iii. p. 343, pi. 141 

 (1874); Irh), B. Gibr. p. 110 (1875); Fallon, Ois. Belt/, p. 71 

 (1875) : C/ifton, Ibis, 1879, p. 369 ; Seebohm, Ibis, 1882, p. 376 ; 

 B. O. U. List Brit. B. p. 35 (1883) ; Seebohm, Hist. Br. B. ii. p. 244 

 (1883) ; Booth, Rough Notes, part iv. with fig. (1883) ; Radde, 

 brn. Gauc. p. 219 (1884). 



Anthus spinoletta (wee L.), Macgill. Man. Brit. B. i. p. 169 (1846); 

 Gould, B. Gt. Br. iii. pi. 11 (liind figure). 



Anthus immutabilis, Degl. Orn. Eur. i. p. 429 (1849). 



Hind daw very strongly curved, about equal to the hind toe. 

 Tarsus longer than hind toe and claw combined. Primaries sub- 

 equal and longest, 1, 2, 3, 4 ; fourth a trifle shorter than the second 

 and third ; fifth primary considerably shorter than the long secon- 

 daries, which are almost as long as the primaries. Primaries 

 emarginate, 2, 3, 4. Feet (in skin) reaching to about two thirds of 

 length of tail. 



Young. General colour above nearly uniform olive-brown, the 

 feathers of the back slightly mottled with dusky centres ; lesser wing- 

 coverts like the back ; the median and greater coverts blackish brown, 

 broadly edged with pale olive ; bastard-wing blackish ; primary- 

 coverts dusky, edged with olive ; quills dusky brown, narrowly 

 margined with olive-yellow, the inner secondaries externally brown 

 like the back ; tail-feathers blackish brown, margined with olive, 

 the penultimate feather smoky brown at the end, the outer feather 

 smoky brown, rather darker towards the end of the outer web, the 

 inner web with an oblique mark of blackish brown ; head like the 

 back and nearly uniform ; lores dusky blackish ; eyelid yellowish 

 white ; ear-covcrts uniform olive-brown ; cheeks yellowish white, 

 thickly spotted with dusky ; centre of throat dull white, washed with 

 olive ; fore neck and chest light olive-yellow, broadly streaked with 

 mesial spots of dark brown ; centre of breast and alidomen yellowish 

 white ; thighs light ashy brown ; flanks washed with olive ; under 

 tail-coverts yellowish white, with olive-brown ends to the feathers. 



The autumn jylumar/e is very similar to the young bird described 

 above, being nearly uniform olive-brown, with slightly indicated 

 dusky centres to the feathers, the mantle slightly varied with paler 

 olive edges to the feathers of this part and the upper back ; lower 

 back, rump, and under tail -coverts nearly uniform dull olive-brown ; 

 lesser wing-coverts like the back ; median and greater coverts 

 blackish brown, edged externally with olive-yellow, inclining to 

 olive-whitish at the ends of the feathers, very distinct on the median 

 series; bastard- wing blackish brown; primary-coverts and quills 

 dusky brown, margined with dull olive, the edges broader and 

 browner on the inner secondaries ; centre tail-feathers brown 

 edged with olive, the remainder blackish brown margined with 

 olive, the penultimate feather with a small spot of smoky white at 

 the tip, the outer feather smoky brown, whiter at the end of the 

 feather, the outer web rather darker smoky brown towards the 



