3. ANTHTJS. 601 



end, with a broad obliqiie mark of blackish brown on the inner 

 web ; head like the back and very shghtly streaked with dusky- 

 brown centres to the feathers ; eyehd and a narrow line over the 

 eye from the base of the nostrils yellowish white ; lores dusky ; 

 ear-coverts uniform olive-brown ; cheeks yellowish white, mottled 

 with dusky tips to the feathers ; a narrow moustachial Hne of 

 blackish brown, widening out on to the sides of the lower throat ; 

 throat dull white, washed with olive ; fore neck and breast olive, 

 the feathers broadly centred with spots and streaks of dark brown ; 

 the flauks olive-brown, with longitudinal centres of darker brown ; 

 centre of lower breast and abdomen, as well as the under tail- 

 coverts, duU white, washed with pale olive-yellow ; the long under 

 tail-coverts with olive-brown centres ; thighs oUve-brown externally, 

 yellowish white internally ; axillaries whitish, washed with pale 

 olive-yellow and with dusky bases ; under wing-coverts ashy white, 

 with dusky bases and slightly washed with olive-yellow : quills 

 dusky brown below, more ashy along the inner web. Total length 

 6-5 inches, culmen O-Go, wing 3-35, tail 2-5, tarsus 0-9. 



Adult male in hreding-plumage. Similar in colour and marking 

 to the winter plumage, but browner and more mottled, the olive 

 tinge on the back being worn off as the plumage becomes abraded ; 

 the light tips to the wing-coverts almost obsolete ; the general 

 appearance of the upper surface more ashy brown, and the dark 

 centres to the feathers very distinct ; facial markings as in the 

 winter plumage, but more abraded, and the olive tint rendered 

 obsolete ; throat duU white ; remainder of under surface very thickly 

 mottled with dark brown, the centres to the feathers having become 

 very distinct, while the light margins have worn off and the olive- 

 yellow tinge of the abdomen has almost disappeared : bill brown, the 

 base of the lower mandible yellowish or orange, both mandibles being 

 entirely black in the breeding-season ; legs fleshy brown : iris brown. 

 Total length 6-8 inches, culmen 0-7, wing 3-45, tail 2-(J, tarsus 0-95. 



Adult female in hreediwi-plumarje. Similar to the male, but not so 

 thickly spotted underneath. Total length 6-4 inches, culmen 0*6, 

 wing 3-35, tail 2-45, tarsus 0-85. 



The resident Rock-Pipit of the British Islands is certainly 

 distinct from the Scandinavian bird, but whether it is confined to 

 Great Britain or inhabits also some part of Continental Europe, 

 I have not been able to determine with certainty ; and I have 

 therefore joined all the synonyms under one heading until such 

 time as the distribution of the two forms is satisfactorily deter- 

 mined. The plumages of both Rock-Pipits are alike in their 

 immature stages, and in the winter garb both of young and adult 

 birds. I fancy, however, that the hind claw of the Scandinavian 

 Rock- Pipit is always longer than that of the British bird. 



In the breeding-season, however, the British Rock-Pipit assumes 

 a plumage not very different from that of its winter dress, while 

 the Scandinavian bird becomes vinous on tlie underparts, so as to 

 resemble closely the Alpine Pipit {A. spipoUtta), from which, how- 

 ever, it can be told by the smoky-brown colour of the light pattern 



