140 riciDJi:. 



(1839) ; Peab. Bod. Journ. Nat. Hl<f. 1841, p. 171 ; And. B. Amer. 



8vo ed. iv. p. i>74, pi. colxxi. tigs. 1, 2 J ? ad., 3,3,3 jiiv. (184:>) ; 



Giraiid, B. Lo)i</ Island, p. 180 (1844) ; I)e Kay, N. Hist. N. York, 



pt. 2, p. 185, pl.'xvi. lig. 34, S (1844) ; Putn. Fr. Essex Inst. 18.",(;, 



p. 214; Ma.vim. J.f. O. 1858, p. 419; Sundev. Co?isp. A v. Picin. 



p. 50 (186G) ; Trippe, Pruc. Esse.v Inst. 1871, p. 118. 

 White-niiuped Woodpecker, Lat/t. Gen. 8>jn. ii. p. 5(53, ju v. (1782). 

 Pic iioir a domino i-oiiji:e, Buff. IIi.4. Nat. Ois. vii. p. 394 (1783). 

 Pic de Virginie, Dauhent. PL Enl. 117. 

 Picas obsciirus, Gm. Si/st. Nat. i. p. 429, juc. (1788) ; Lut/i. Ind. Oni. 



i. p. 228(1790). 

 Melaiioipes ervthrocephalus, Swains. Faun. Bor.-Ainer. ii. pp. x^vi, 



Iiitrod., & 310 (1831) ; id. Vlassif. P. ii. p. 310 (1837) ; Up. Comp. 



List B. Eur. S,- N. Amer. p. 39, no. 202 (1838) ; Gray, Gen. B. ii. 



p. 444 (1840) ; Gamb. Journ. Acad. Philad. 1847, p. 55 ; Bp. Consp. 



Gen. Av. i. p. 115 (1850) ; Peichenb. Scans. Picincc, p. 381, no. 882, 



pi. dcxlii. tigs. 4284-86, ad. & jiiv. (1854); Bp. Consp). Valuer. 



Zygod. p. 10, no. 205 (1854); Gray, List Gen. B. 1855, p. 93; 



Baird, B. N. Amer. p. 113 (1858) ; Sclat. Cat. Amer. B. p. 340, 



no. 2034 (1862) ; Verr. Proc. Essex Inst. 1862, p. 144 ; Allen, op. 



cit. 1864, p. 53 ; Coues, Ibis, 1866, p. 159 ; Dresser, t. c. p. 469 ; 



Mcllwr. Proc. Essex Inst. 1866, p. 83 ; Coues, op. cit. 1807, p. 263, 



1868, p. 263; Gray, List Picid. Brit. Mus. p. 115 (1868); id. 



Hand-l. B. ii. p. 201, no. 8814 (1870) ; Cooj). B. Calif, ed. Baird, 



p. 402 (1870) ; Coues, Key N. Amer. B. 1872, p. 196 ; Hold. Proc. 



Post. Soc. 1872, p. 207; Hensh. Ann. Lijc. N. York, 1874, p. 9; 



Coues, B. N.- West, p. 290 (1874) ; B. B. ^ R. Hist. N. Amer. B. ii. 



p. 564, pi. liv. tig. 4, S (1874); Brewst. Ann. Lye. N. York, 1875, 



p. 144; Hensh. U.S. Geogr. Surr. IV. of \O0th Merid. 1875, p. 398; 



Pidyiv. U.S. Geol. Eipl. 40th Par., Orn. p. 554 (1877) ; Mayn. B. 



Florida, p. 229, pi. xviii. (1878) ; Coues, Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. iv. 



no. 3, p. 617 (1878) ; Merriam, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii. p. 123 



(1878) ; Pidyw.Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880, p. 189, no. 375; Coues, 



Check-l. N. Amer. B. 1882, p. 79, no. 453 ; Nehrl. J. f. O. 1883, 



p. 95 ; Coues, Key N. Amer. B. 2ud ed. p. 489, no. 453, fig. 340 



(1884) ; Dreiv, Auk, 1885, p. 17 ; Ayersb. t. c. p. 283; A. O. U. 



Check-list, 188(5, p. 216, no. 406; Brewst. Auk, 1886, p. 104; 



Lloyd, t. c. p. 191 ; Sennett, t. c. p. 242 ; Ridqw. Man. N. Amer. B. 



p. 290 (1887) ; Warren, B. Penn. p. 1.33 (1888). 

 Melampicos erythrocephalus, Malh. N. Classif., Mem. Acad. Metz, 



1848-49, p. 36.5. 

 Melampicu^ ervthrocephalus, Malh. Picidcc, ii. p. 209, pi. xcvii. figs. 1 



ad., 2, 3 juv; (1862). 



Aibdt male. Back, scapulars, and wing-coverts black, glossed with 

 greenish blue ; rump and upper tail-coverts white : primaries black, 

 the innermost one having the inner web paitiallj' margined with 

 white and the tip white ; secondaries white, with black bases con- 

 cealed by the coverts, the outer feather having the outer web and a 

 subapical bar on the inner web black ; shalts of quills black ; tail 

 black, the outer large feather externally margined and tipped with 

 white, all the feathers except the central pair having a basal patch 

 of while on the inner webs ; shafts black ; nasal plumes brownish 

 black ; entire head, neck, and chest, except the sides of the latter, 

 crimson, this colour on the chest bordered narrowly with black ; 



