212 riciD.Ti. 



pi. xix. fi?. 1 (1884) ; Seeb. Hist. Brit. B. n. y. .354 (1884) ; Ch(qmi. 



Ibis, 1885, p. 172; Gigl. Avif. Ital. ]>. i'OO (1880); Tacz. P. Z. S. 



1888, p. 4G6. 

 Dendrocopos major, Koch, Si/st. haier. Zool. i. p. 72 (181G). 

 Drvobates major, Boie, Isis, 1828, p. 320 ; Grai/, List Gen. B. 1855, 



p. 91 : Gi;/I. Ibis, 1805, p. 58. 

 Picu8 pinetorum, ) 



Picus pitvopicusjf i?/-e^»?, J'off. Deufschl. \i]). 187-189 (1831); id. 

 Picus frond i urn, T Toffelf. p. 09 (1855). 



Picus montanus, ) 

 l)endrocoi)U8 major, Swains. Classif. B. ii. p. 307 ; J(ird. Nat. Lib. 



X. p. 351 (1839) ; Cob. ^- Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 32 ( 1803) ; Irby, 



Ibis, 1883, p. 178 ; B. O. U. List, 1883, p. 77; Clarke, Ibis, 1884, 



p. 144 ; Saund. t. c. p. 379; Whiteh. op. cit. 1885, p. 28; More, 



List Irish Bds. p. 16 (1885) ; Tait, Ibis, 1887, p. 304; Eeid, op. 



cit. 1888, p. 74. 

 Picus pipra [non Pall), Macrjill. Brit. B. iii. p. 80 (1840). 

 Picus brevirostris, Reichcnb. Scans. Picince, p. 305, sub uo. 842, pi. 



dcxxxiii. fig. 4212 (1854). 

 Picus leucorum, I j^^,^j^ ^ jj^_ gg ^^^-^.^_ 

 Pious sordidus, j > ./ ./ i v 



Picus numidicus {non Malh.), BoUe, J.f. 0. 1857, p. 320 *. 



Adult male. Back, rump, and upper tail-coverts uniform blue- 

 black ; scapvilars slightly smoky white ; wings and their coverts 

 black, the innermost of the median and of the greater series of tho 

 latter white, the quills (except the innermost which are uniform) 

 spotted Avith white on both webs, the spots on the primaries, when 

 the wing is closed, forming five bars ; shafts black ; the four cen- 

 tral tail-feathers uiiiform black, the nest feather black spotted with 

 white on the apical portion, the two outer large feathers on either 

 side black at the base, the apical half white barred with black ; 

 shafts of the same colour as the surrounding web ; nasal plumes 

 black ; frontal band drabby brown ; crown, nape, and hind neck blue- 

 black, the occiput red ; sides of the face and neck white, the latter 

 brownish, abroad black malar stripe extending on to the side of the 

 chest, and a branch from it joining the nape ; from the chin to the 

 breast (both inclusive) uniform drabby brown ; the abdomen, vent, 

 and under tail-coverts as well as the thighs crimson, the short tibial 

 plumes of the same colour as the underparts ; under wing-coverts 

 and axillaries white, the lower series of the former spotted with 

 dusky black. Total length 10 inches, culmen I'l, wing 5-5, tail 3"7, 

 tarsus 1 ; toes (without claws) — outer anterior 0-55, outer posterior 

 0'65, inner anterior 0-45, inner jjosterior 0-3. 



Adult female. "Wants the red occipital band, but in other respects 

 resembles the adult male. Total length 9*5 inches, culmen l-l, 

 ■\ving 5"6, tail 3'6, tarsus 1. 



Young. Maybe known from the adult by their red crowns; the 

 scapulars are striped and transversely varied with dusky or black ; 



* The Canary Islands species, which is B. major. 



