15. DENDEOCOPUS. 269 



1 c?, 2 $ (1805); Meyer Sf Wolf, Taschcnb. Deutsch. i. p. 123 

 (1810) ; Meyer, Vdr/. Liv- ii. Esf'h.]}. GO (1815) ; Nilss. Orn. Siiec. 

 i. p. 107 (1817) ; Vieill. N. Diet, d'llist. Nat. xxvi. p. 73 (1818) ; 

 Temm. Mim. cVOrn. i. p. 396, iii. p. 282 (1820) ; Brehm, Natur- 

 gesch. eur. Vog. i. p. 138 (1823) ; Naum. Vog. DeutscM. v. p. 313, 

 pi. 135. fig-s. 1 d',2 2 (1826); Wagl. Syst. ylc. Picus, sp. 19 

 (1827) ; Werner, Atlas, pi. 204, S ad. (1827) ; Drap. Diet. Classif. 

 xiii. p. 501 (1828) ; Le.'is. Traite, i. p. 218 (1831) ; Glog. Handb. 

 Naturgesch. Voq. Eur. p. 460 (1834) ; Niks. Skand. Faun. i. p. 128 

 (1835); Bi). Comp. List B. Eur. ^- N. Amer. p. 39, no. 266 

 (1838); Keys. ^- Bias. Wirb. Eur. pp. 148 & xxxiv (1840); 

 Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 435 (1845) ; Malh. N. Classif., Mem. Acad. 

 itfef;:, 1848^9, p. 327; Bj). Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 1-35 (1850); 

 Reichenb. Scans. Pici?iee, p. 366, no. 846, pi. dcxxxiv. fig'. 4217, 5 

 (1854) ; Liclif. Nomencl. Av. p. 75 (1854) ; Brehm, Vor/elf. p. 69 

 (1855); Sunder. Sv. Fogl. p. 141, pi. xxii. tigs. 4 J, 5 $ (1856); 

 M. Von Wright, Finl. Fogl. 1^.271 {18o9) ; Schrenck, Amur-Reise, 

 i. p. 262 (1859) ; Malh. Picidce, i. p. 89, pi. xxiii. figs. 1-2 S ? 

 (1861), ii. Add. p. 294 (1862); Bree, B. Eur. iii. p. 142, pi. S 

 (1862); Sicinh. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 3-33; Prev. ^- Lem. Hist. Nat. 

 Ois. d'Eur. p. 169 (1864) ; Sunder. Consp. Av. Picin. p. 24 (1866) ; 

 Degl. ^ Gerbe, Orn. Eur. i. p. 151 (1867) ; Gray, List Picid. Brit. 

 Mus. p. 35 (1868) ; Borggr. Vogelf. Norddeutschl. p. 67 (1869) ; 

 Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 182, no. 8552 (1870) ; Salvad. Faun. Ital, 

 Ucc. p. 38 (1871) ; Dress. B. Eur. v. p. 39, pi. cclxxix., S $ ad. 

 (1871) ; Ahum, Zool. Gart. 1872, pp. 369, 371 ; Gould, B. Gt. Brit. 

 iii. pi. Ixxi., cJ 2 ad. only (1873) ; Alst. ^- Harr.-Br. Ibis. 1873, 

 p. 59 ; Danf. i^- Harv.-Br. op. cit. 1875, p. 299; DHamo7iv. Cat. 

 Ois. d'Eur. p. 10 (1876) ; Taez. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. 1877, p. 152; 

 Gigl. Ibis, 1881, p. 190 ; 3Iadar. Syst. Aufz. Ungarns, p. 23 (1881) ; 

 Collett,Norg. Fuglef. p. 309 (1881) ; Seeb. Ms, 1882, pp. 209, 374; 

 Carls. Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl. 1882, i. p. 30 : Marsch. ^• 

 Pelz. Orn. Vindob. p. 91 (1882); Radde, Orn. Cave. p.'314 (1884); 

 Gigl. Ai'if. Ital. p. 201 (1886) ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1888, p. 466. 



Picus leuconothus, Bonn.^- Vieill. Enc. Meth. iii. p. I:i02 (1823). 



Picns leuconotos, Valenc. Diet. Sc. Nat. xl. p. 179 (1826) ; Schinz, 

 Eur. Faun. i. p. 262 (1840). 



Deudromas leuconotus, Kaup, Natur. Syst. p. 136 (1829) ; Gray, 

 App. List Gen. B. 1842, p. 12 ; id. List Gen. 1855, p. 91 ; Cab. &f 

 Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 39 (1863). 



Pipripicus leuconotus, Bp. Consp. Volucr. Zygod. p. 8, no. 50 

 (18.54). 



Picus polonicus, Brehm, Vogelf. p. 69 (1855). 



Dendrocopus leuconotus, Menzb. Rev. Comj). Faun. Orn. Gouv. Mosc. 

 Sf Toula, p. 7 (1883). 



Adttlt male. Upper half of the back, rump, and upper tail-coverts 

 uniform black ; lower back white, crossed by a black bar anteriorly ; 

 scapulars black, the apical portion white ; wings and their coverts 

 black, the median and the greater series with a row of white spots, 

 forming a bar upon each, the quills having both webs spotted with 

 white : sliafts blackish brown ; the four central tail-feathers uni- 

 form black, the next feather black, barred at the tip with buffy 

 white, the two outer large feathers having the apical half or two- 

 thirds white barred with black ; shafts of the same colour as the 



