18, DENDROCOPTES. 287 



(1807) ; Meyer 8f Wolf, Taschenh. i. p. 122 (1810) ; Me!sn. S)- 



Schinz, JUff. Schweiz, p. 41 (1815) ; Nilss. Orn. Suec. i. p. 110 



(1817) ; Temm. Man. crOrn. i. p. 39S (1820) ; J3re/im, Xaturgesch. 



Eur. Vof/. i. p. 140 (1823j ; Bonn. ^- Vieill. Enc. Meth. iii. p. 1303 



(1823) ; Roux, Orn. Frov. i. p. 98, pi. Ixi. (1825) ; Xaum. Vd(/. 



Deutschl. V. p. 320, pi. csxxvi. tigs. 1, 2 (1826) ; Valenc. Diet. Sc. 



Nat. xl. p. 180 (1826) ; Eisso, Eur. Merid. iii. p. GO (1826) ; Wagl. 



Sijst. Av. Picus, sp. 24 (1827); Sari, Orn. Tosc. i. p. 143 (1827); 



Less. Man. d'Orn.u.^. 112 (1828); Wagl. Isis, 1829, p. 510; 



Brehm, Yog. Deutschl. 1831, p. 191 ; Less. Traite, i. p. 218 (1831) ; 



Glo(/. Handb. Naturgesch. Viig. Eur. p. 459 (1834) ; Bp. Comp. List 



B. Eur. 4- N. Amer. p. 39 (1838) ; Kegs. ^- Bias. Wirb. Eur. 



pp. 148 & XXXV (1840) ; Schinz, Eur. Faun. i. p. 262 (1840) ; 



Schleg. Ilev. Crit. p. 1(1844); Gray, Gen. i?. ii. p. 435 (1845); 



Bj). Consj). Gen. Av. i. p. 1-34 (1850) ; Fteichenb. Scans. Ficince, 



p. 368, no. 848, pi. dcxxxiv. tig. 422 (1854) : Licht. Nomencl. 



Av. p, 75 (1854) ; Brehm, Vogelf. p. 70 (1855) ; Sunder. Sv. Foql. 



p. 140, pi. xxiii. fig. 3 (1856); Von Wright, Finl. Fogl. 18.j9, 



p. 274; Jcmb. S,- Barth.-Lapomm.Rich. Orn. p. 330 (18.59) ; Malh. 



Picidce, i. p. 93, pi. xx. tigs. 6, 7 (1861) ; Bree, B. Eur. iii. p. 146, 



pi. cJ (1862) ; *>«■/. Ibis, 1864, p. 218 ; Prev. i^- Lem. Hist. Nat. 



Ois. d'Eur. p. 169 (1864) ; Sunder. Consp. Av. Ficin. p. 30 (1866) ; 



Degl. ^- Gerbe, Orn. Eur. i. p. 152 (1867) ; Gray, List Ficid. Brit. 



Mus.^. 35 (1868); Smith, Ibis, 1868, p. 448; Borggr. Vogelf. 



Norddeutschl. p. 68 (1869) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. l82, no. 8555 



(1870); Elw. ^- Buckl. Ibis,lii70, p. 188; Saund. o/a r/^. 1871, 



p. 66 ; Salvad. Faun. Ital., Ucc. p. 37 (1871) ; Dress. B. Eur. v. 



p. 47, pi. cclxxxi. (1871) ; Ferini, Man. Orn. Veron. p. 404 (1874) ; 



Danf. i)-I£arv.-Br.Ibis, 1875, p. 299 ; D'Hamonv. Cat. Ois. d'Eur. 



p. 10 (1876); Saund. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. 1876, p. 324; Tacz. 



Bull. Soc. Zool. i-V. 1877, p. 152; Schleg. Vog. Nederl. p. 40, pi. v. 



tig. 11 (1878) ; Elw. Ibis, 1880, p. 395 ; Gigl. op. cit. 1881, p. 190 ; 



Madar. Syst. Aufz. Fog. Ungnrns, p. 23 (1881) ; Carls. Kongl. 



Vet.-Akad. Forhandl. 18S2, no. 1, p. 30; Marsch. S; Felz. Orn. 



Vindob. p. 92 (1882) ; Eadde, Orn. Cauc. p. 313, pi. xix. fig. 4 



(1884); Gigl. Avif. Ital. p. 203 (1886); Lorenz, Orn. Faun. 



Kaukasus, p. 44 (1887). 

 Dendrocopos medius, Koch, Syst. baier. Zool. i. p. 73 (1816). 

 Picus variiis {non Linn.), J'ieill. N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. xxvi. p. 94 



(1818). 

 Dryobates medius, Boie, Isis, 1828, p. 326. 

 Picus cjaoffidus, Fall. Zoogr. Rosso- Asiat. i.p. 413 (1831). 

 Picus quercuum, Brehm, Vog. Deutschl. p. 191 (1831) ; id. Vollst. 



TUgelf. 1855, p. 70. 

 Pipripicus medius, Bp. Cons]}. Volucr. Zyyod. p. 8, no. 52 (1854). 

 ■ Picus roseiventris, It,, t' j? j t— 7^ -\a~iz -/^ 

 Picus meridionalis, [ ^'■'^""' ^ ''^^'*- ^'^'^"^- ^^"'^' P" '^- 

 Dendrocoptes medius, Cab. 8f Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 41 (186-3). 

 Dendrocopus medius, Irby, Ibis, 1883, p. 178; B. 0. U. List Brit. B. 



p. 78 (1883) ; Tait, Ibis, 1887, p. 304. 



Adult male. Back, rump, and upper tail-covcrts black; scapulars 

 •svliite ; wing-coverts black, except the innermost of the median and of 

 the greater series, which are white, this forming a conspicuous patch ; 

 quills black, spotted with white upon both webs ; shafts black ; tail 

 black, the two outer large feathers on either side broadly barred 



