36. CHRTSOCOLAPTES. 459 



Megapicus validus, 3Ialh. Picidce, i. p. 28, pi. ix. figs. 5, 6 c?, 7 5 



(1861). 

 Xylolepes validus, Cab. (^ Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 108 (1803) ; 



Salvad. Ucc. Horn. p. 43 (1874) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1876, p. 30, 1877, 



p. 9, 1879, p. 240 ; id. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 320 ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. 



Civ. Stor.Nat. 6^e«oy«,1879,p. 181 ; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 792 ; 



Nicholson, Ibis, 1882, p. 54, 1883, pp. 87, 242 ; Bias. Verhundl. k. 



k. zool.-buf. Gesellsch. Wien, 1SS3, p. 27 ; Vord. Ocer. Nut. 



Tijds. Nederl. Ind. xliv. p. 191 (lt;84J ; Guillemard, P. Z. S. 1885, 



p. 405. 



Adult male. Upper back yellowish white, grading into brilliant 

 orange or even scarlet on the lower back and rump ; upper tail- 

 coverts brownish black ; scapulars, wings and their coverts brownish 

 black, the quills barred with rufous on both webs ; tail and the 

 shafts brownish black ; nasal plumes golden buff tinged with red; 

 top of the head, occiput, and nape crimson ; lores and anterior part 

 of face golden, becoming brown posteriorly and down the side of the 

 neck, the hind neck white; malar region, chin, and upper throat 

 golden yellow more or less washed with red, the latter having a 

 dark median line of brownish red ; fore neck and the whole of the 

 under surface of the bod)' crimson, the bases of the feathers olivaceous 

 brown ; under tail-coverts of the latter colour, fringed with red ; 

 under wing-coverts brownish white with dusky brown transverse 

 spots : " irides light yellow or yellow-ochre colour : legs and feet 

 faded yellow-ochre" (//. 0. Forbes). Total length 11 inches, 

 culmen 1'8, wing 6-1, tail 3"15, tarsus 1'15 ; toes (without claws) 

 — outer anterior O'S, outer posterior 0'88, inner anterior U"68, 

 inner posterior 0"37. 



Very old males have the back and rump extremely red. 



Adult female. Differs from the male in having the back and rump 

 white ; the head and neck (except the hind neck), as well as the 

 whole of the under surface of the body, being almost entirely drabby 

 brown ; the top of the head, occiput, and nape blackish brown ; 

 the malar region, chin, and throat ding}' white, with a dark 

 brownish median line, the throat and chest slightly fulvescent or 

 rufescent ; under tail-coverts dusky brown with greyish tips. Total 

 length 10'5 inches, culmen 1-6, wing 5-8, tail 3-25, tarsus I'l. 



Young. Probably both sexes resemble the adult female, examples 

 (evidently males) just acquiring the red tips to the feathers of the 

 underparts and top of the head are otherwise in the female garb. 



Ohs. Adult males from Java have the upper parts extremely 

 red, much more so than examples from other localities. 



Hah. Java, Borneo, Sumatra, and the Malayan Peninsula, north 

 to the Province of Wellesley. 



a, b. 2 ad. sk. Ding-Ding River, Feb. 1879 Hume Coll. 



(ir. Davison). 



c. dad.sk. Klang, Feb. 19, 1879 {W. Hume Coll. 



Davison). 



d. 2 ad. sk. Salaugore, Jidy 31, 1879 ( W. Hume Coll. 



Davison). 



