562 riciD^. 



p. 12-i; Blakisi. ^- Pnjcr, op. cit. 1878, p. 22U; iid. 'Trans. As. Soc. 



Jap. 1880, p. 200, 1882, x. p. 136. _ 

 Juux torquilla, Reichcnb. Scans. Picincc, p. 431, uo. 1016, pi. dcxix. 



figs. 4125-20 (1854) ; Gum., Junr., Ibis, 1874, p. 294. 

 Juux iapouica, Eeichenb. Scans. Picina; p. 432, no. 1017 (1854). 

 lunx japouica, Cab. S) Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 4 (1863). 



Adult male. Back, rump, and upper tail-coverts, as well as the 

 top of the head and sides of the hiud neck, a mixture of grej' and 

 rufous finely marbled with black vermiculations ; in the middle of 

 the hind neck and of the upper half of the back a broad line of 

 rufous striped with black ; the top of the head and sides of the liind 

 neck and of the back having transverse spots of white and more or 

 less sagittate markings of black, the rump and upper tail-coverts 

 similarly spotted ; scapulars, innermost secondaries, and wing- 

 coverts spotted and marbled like the back, but more rufous in 

 colour, the two former having black central stripes : quills dusky 

 brown, the outer webs of the primaries barred with buff, the inner 

 webs spotted with marbled white : the outer webs of the second- 

 aries spotted with marbled rufous buff, the inner webs having 

 similar, but paler, spots ; shafts brown ; tail grey, with irregular 

 burs of creamy white and black, and the whole finely marbled like 

 the back, shafts brown : sides of the face and neck, also the throat 

 and chest, buff, the anterior part of the malar region and the chin 

 whiter, as is also a stripe above the ear-coverts, the whole being 

 narrowly barred with black; the ear-coverts rufous-brown barred 

 with black, and behind the malar region a narrow black stripe ; 

 remaining underparts creamy white, the upper breast, sides of the 

 bodj', and thighs rufescent brown or buff, more or less marbled, the 

 breast and sides of the body having whitish spots and black 

 sagittate markings, the thighs narrowly barred with black ; the 

 lower breast and abdomen with a few small sagittate markings or 

 spots of black ; under tail-coverts buff', slightly marbled and 

 irregularly barred with black ; under wing-coverts and axillaries 

 buff', barred with black. Total length 6'5 inches, culmen O'O, wing 

 3'37, tail 2-6, tarsus O'T ; toes (without claws) — outer anterior 0-58, 

 outer posterior 0"58, inner anterior 0"3o, inner posterior 0"28. 



Adult female, llescmbles the adult male. Total length 6'5 

 inches, culmen 0'57, wing 3'18, tail 2'6, tarsus 0'65. 



Yo^mij are verj- similar to the adult, but in the earliest stage the 

 abdomen is quite devoid of spots. 



Ohs. The bufi' colour which sometimes pervades the plumage of 

 the underparts in this species is not a sign of maturity, as it is 

 found in the very early stages, together wnth specimens having 

 those ))arts almost pure white. 



Hah. Throughout almost the whole of Europe and Asia, and east 

 into Japan. The northern limit appears to be about 62° N. lat., 

 and in Asia it extends south to about 10° N. lat. In Africa it 

 ranges along the north from Morocco east into Egypt, and south 

 into Abyssinia and Kordofan, and on the west into Senegal. 



