2. CEETLE. 109 



g' . Smaller ; tail white at the base, the greater 



part of the inner web while americana & allies, 



d. Throat chestnut, a little lighter only than the [pp. 131-134. 



abdomen. 

 /*'. Larger ; abdomen deep chestnut like the 

 breast ; male without any pectoral band ; 

 female with a green band across the 



breast inda, p. 137. 



i'. Smaller ; abdomen white. 



i'' . Under surface of body chestnut fc?), or 



chestnut with a green band across the 



chest ( 5 ) ; no green spots on the sides 



of the white abdomen. 



g'" . Wings externally uniform, not spotted 



with white or buft' superciliosa, p. 138. 



h'". Wings externally spotted with white 



or fulvous stictoptera, p. 139. 



k" . Under surface of body chestnut, but 

 having the white abdomen bordered 

 with green spots on its upper pectoral 

 margin (equ:(fo)-hdis, p. 140. 



1. Ceryle rudis. 



The Black and White Kinrrfisher, Edwards, Nat. Hist. B. i. p. 9, 



pi. 9 (1743) ; Lath. Gen. 8ijn. i. pt. 2, p. 612 (1782). 

 Le Martin-Pescheur blauc et noir, Brisson, Orn. iv. p. 620, pi. xxxix. 



fig. 2 (1760). 

 Alcedo rudis, Linn. Si/si. Nat. i. p. 181 (1766) ; Gin. Si/st. Nat. i. 



p. 457 (1788) ; Fieill. N. Diet. d'Ifist. Nat. xix. p. 409 (1818, pt.) ; 



Tmnn. Man. d'Orn. iii. p. 294 (1835) ; Guuld, B. Eur. ii. pi. 62 



(1837); Keys. u. Bias. Wirb. Eur. p. 149 (1840); Schl. Rev. 



Crit. p. 11 (1844); E. C. Taylor, Ibis, 1859, p. 47; Linderm. 



Vog. Griechenl. p. 43 (1800); Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 2 



(1863, pt.) ; Tristr. Ibis, 1866, p. 84; Daiif. Ibis, 1878, p. 7. 

 Martin-pecheur hupe du Cap de Bonne Esperance, Daubent. PI. Enl. 



viii. pi. 716. 

 Martin-pecheur de Senegal, Daubent. t. c. pi. 62. 

 Ceryle rudis, Boie, Isis, 1828, p. 316 ; Miihle, Orn. Griechenl. p. 31 



(1844) ; Biipp. Syst. Uehers. p. 23(1845); Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 82 



(1847, pt.); id. List Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. 60 (1848, pt); Bp. 



Consp. i. p. 159 (1850, pt.) ; Reichenb. Handb., Alced. p. 20, Taf. 



408. fig. 3097 (1851) ; Cass. Cat. Hale. Philad. Mus. p. (i (1852, 



pt.) ; Bp. Consp. Vol. Anis. p. 10 (1854, pt.) ; Ilartl. Orn. Westufr. 



p. 37 (1857) ; Grill, Zool. Antechi. pp. 11, 46 (1858) ; Cass. Proc. 



Philad. Acad. 1859, p. 34 ; Tristr. Ibis, 1859, p. 27 ; Gurney, t. c. 



p. 245; Cab. ^ Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 118(1860); Hartl. 



J.f. O. 1861, p. 105 ; Allen, Ibis, 1862, p. 360 ; Adams, Ibis, 1864, 



pp 15, 2;57 ; Kirh, t. c. p. 235 ; Laynrd, B. S. Afr. p. 67 (1867) ; 



Taylor, Ibis, 1867, p. 50 ; Deyl. ^- Gerhe, Orn. Eur. i. p. 177 (1867) ; 



Loche, E-vpl. Sci. Alq6r., Ois. ii. p. 93 (1867); Gray, Hand-l. B. 



i. p. 97, no. 1181 (1869) ; Sharpe, Ibis. 1869, pp. 2?2, 385 ; Ayres, 



t.c. p. 290; Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 184 (1869); Doderl. 



Avif. Sicil. p. 57 (1869); Blanf. Geol. ^ Zool. Abyss, p. 325 



(1870); Finsch ^- Ilnrtl. Vog. Ostafr. p. 175 (1870); Fritsch, 



