3G0 nrcKROTtp.Tj. 



and breast white', blacldsb grey at base; rest of head, neck, nimp, 

 belly, flanks, and tail-coverts --.vhite mixed with rnfous ; back, 

 upper -wing-covert?, scapulars, and outer secondaries brown, the 

 three latter widely tipped, and the last-named also widely margined 

 on both webs with white; rest of secondaries and primaries blackish 

 brown, M-jth a white margin on the outer web, gradually increasing 

 in width on the outer secondaries ; under wing-covcrts brownish 

 buff'; middle feathers of tail have basal two-thirds brown, and the 

 rest the basal half dull chestnut ; the remainder of the feathers 

 white ; casque rudimentary ; bill black, yellowish at the tip ; naked 

 skin round eye and on gular region yellow ; legs grey-green (in 

 skin). 



I]ab. Mindanao, Basilan ; Philippine Islands. 



a-c. (5$ ad. f^k. ^\xn^a.o,lsla.y (A. H. Eierett). Tweeddale Coll. 



d. J ad. sk. Butuan, May {A. II. Everett). Tweeddale Coll. 



e, f. S ad. ; $ Zamboanga,' March (A. II. Tweeddale Coll. 

 imm. sk. Everett). 



ff-i. c? $ ad. et Zamboanga, Challeiiger Exped. 



imm. sk. (Types of the species.) 



I, /. c? ? ad. sk. Basilan, May {A. H. Everett), tweeddale CoU. 



3. Hydrocorax seinigaleatus. 



Buceros semicraleatus, Tweeddale, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 279, figs. 3 & 4, 

 pp. 341, 379 ; Steere, List Birds ^ Mamm. Thilipinnes, p. 13 (1890). 



Hydi'ocorax semigaleatus, Elliot, Monngr. Bucerot. pi. ix. [text] 

 '(1882). 



Buceros (Hydrocorax) hydrocorax, var. semigaleatus, Dubois, Bull. 

 Mus. Behj. iii. p. 196 (1884). 



Adult male. Scarcely differs in plumage from the last two species, 

 but the white throat instead of shading gradually into the chestnut 

 below, as it does in H. liydrocorax and H. mindanensis, is sharply 

 defined ; the coloration of the casque and bill is the same as in the 

 latter species, and the real claim of the i)resent species to specific 

 distinction lies in the shape of the casque, the front part of which is 

 pointed (like a quill pen) and continuous with tho line of the 

 culmen, whereas in both the allied species the anterior end of the 

 casque tapers gradually to a blunt boat-shaped point which rises 

 high above the culmen and joins it at right angles ; naked skin 

 round eye darkest sepia, almost black ; gular skin dark indian 

 yellow ; iris light yellow (light green in living bird) ; feet coral- 

 red ; nails dark brownish grey {A. E. Everett). Total length 31 

 inches, wing 14-8, tail 12, tarsus 2-3. 



Adidt female. Does not differ in plumage from the male. Total 

 length 31 inches, wing 13-8, taU 11, tarsus 2-1. 



Yonnif. Similar to that of E. mindanensis, except that the outer 

 tail-feathers have not the basal half chestnut, although the middle 

 feathers are the same. 



In older examples of both sexes, when the adult plumage has 

 been nearly attained the bill is jet-black, the yellow tip of the young 



