264 TYHANNIDiK. 



75. EMPIDIAS *. Type . 



Empidias, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 09 (1859) E. fuscus. 



Empidias fuscus is usually united to Sayornis by the American 

 ornithologists, but has much shorter wings and a shorter tail, though 

 in other respects, it must be admitted, the two forms come very close. 

 For the present, however, I prefer to adhere to Dr. Cabanis's views, 

 and to leave Sayornis with the Fluvicolince, and keep Empidias near 

 Myiarchus. 



According to this plan Empidias is a purely North-American 

 and Mexican type. 



1. Empidias fuscus. 

 Muscicapa fusca, Gm. S. N. i. p. 931 ; Vieill. Ois. Am. Sept. i. p. 68, 



pi. 40. 

 Aulanax fuscus, Cab. Journ.f. Orn. 1856, p. 1. 

 Myiarchus fuscus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 248 ; Sclater, 



P. Z. S. 1859, p. 366 ; id. Ibis, 1859, p. 440 (Mexico). 

 Empidias fuscus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 69 ; Scl. Cat. A. B. 



p. 234 ; Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. viii. p. 290 (New York) ; Scl. et 



Salv. Nbmencl. p. 53. 

 Sayornis fuscus, Baird, B. N. Am. p. 184 ; Baird, Breiv. et Ridgw. 



N. A. B. ii. p. 343 ; Dresser, Ibis, 1865, p. 473 (Texas) ; Cows, 



Key N. A. B. 1884, p. 437. 

 Muscicapa phoebe, Lath. Ind. 0/-«. i. p. 489. 

 Sayornis phoebe, Ridgw. Man. N. A. B. p. 336. 

 Muscicapa nunciola, Wils. Am. Orn. ii. p. 78, pi. 13. 

 Tyraunula nunciola, Bp. Consp. i. p. 189. 



Above dull greyish olive ; cap blackish ; wings blackish, secon- 

 daries and wing-coverts edged with whitish ; tail blackish ; outer rec- 

 trices edged with whitish : beneath dirty white with a yellowish tinge, 

 sides of breast and flanks more or less cinereous ; under wing- 

 coverts white ; bill dark horn-colour ; feet black : whole length 

 6-3 inches, wing 3-4, tail 2-9. Female similar. 



Hub. Eastern North America (in summer) and south to Mexico. 



a. Ad. sk. Forty-ninth Parallel. N.A. Bound. Comm. 



[P.]. 



b. 3 ad.; c-e. Illinois, U. S. A. (Coale). Sclater Coll. 

 $ ad. sk. 



/. Pull. sk. Illinois (Coale). R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 



g. Jr. sk. Indiana ( Coale). R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 



h. Ad. sk. New York (Lawrence). Sclater Coll. 



i, j. Ad. sk. New York (Hurst). Tweeddale Coll. 



k. Ad. sk. Philadelphia. Prof. Baird [C.]. 



/. Ad. sk. Washington, B.C. (Drexler). Salvin-Godman Coll. 



m. Ad. sk. Charleston, U. S. A. (Sclater). Sclater Coll. 



n. Ad. sk. Mexico. Purchased. 



o. Ad. sk. Jalapa, Mexico (de Oca). Sclater Coll. 



p. Ad. sk. Near the City of Mexico. Salvin-Godman Coll. 



q. Jr. sk. Mexico. Sclater Coll. 



* I do not know : — 



Muscicapa lembeyei, Gundl. Boston Journ. N. H. vi. p. 314 ; id. J. f. O. 

 1872 p. 427, from Cuba, if it is really different from Empidias fuscus, to which 

 it is referred by Cabanis (J. f. O. 1856, p. 1). 



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