1. BTURNUS. 27 



b'". Breast bronzy or copper^' green ; flanks 



bronzy green ; bead green indicics, p. 35. 



6". Wing-coverts violet or pui-ple, not green 

 or bluish green ; head purple ; throat 



purple poltoratzkii, p. 36. 



c". Wing-coverts bright steel-green, exter- 

 nally reddish purple ; head dark green ; 



throat green caucasicus, p. 37. 



b'. Scapulars reddish or bluish purple, not green. 



d". Rump and upper tail-coverts purplish, 



with steel-blue or steel-green reflexions ; 



mantle and back steel-green or bluish 



green ; abdomen dark purple ; flanks 



bronzy purple />!(;y-Mra«cens, p. 37. 



e". Rump and upper tail-coverts reddish 

 purple ; back reddish purple or washed 

 slightly with steel-blue, but never with 

 green, 

 f '". Back washed with purplish blue ; ab- 

 domen dull reddish or bronzy purple, porp/ii/roitofus, p. 38. 

 d'". Back reddish purple, with no shade of 

 purplish blue. 

 c^. Sides of body bronzy green ; abdo- 

 men coppery green minor, p. 39. 



d*. Sides of body bluish green vnlffaris, p. 27. 



6. Head and back uniform unicolor, p. 39. 



1. Sturnus vulgaris. 



The Starling, Albin, X. H. Birds, i. p. 38, pi. 40 (1738). 

 L'Etourneau, Brks. Orn. ii. p. 439 (1760} ; Month. Hist. Nat. Ois. 



iii. p. 176, pi. 15 (1775). 

 Sturnus vulgaris, Linn. Sy.^t. Nat. i. p. 290 (1766) ; Pall. Zoogr. 



Rosso- Asiat. i. p. 418 (1811, pt.) ; Te^nm. Man. Orn. i. p. 132 



(1820) ; Naum. Voy. DeutscM. ii. p. 187, pi. 62 (1822) ; Bou.v, Orn. 



Prov. pi. 128 (1825) ; Werner, Atlas, Omnivores, pi. 19 (1827) ; 



Gould, B. Eur. iii. pi. 210 (1837) ; Bp. Comp. List B. Eur. Sf N. 



Amer. p. 28 (1838); Schl. u. Susem. Voy. Eur. pi. 20(1840); 



Keys. u. Bias. JVirb. Eur. p. 170 (1840) ; Nordm. in Demid. Voy. 



Russ. Merid. iii. p. 122 (1840) ; Seh/s-Lonqch. Faune Beige, p. 1^0 



(1842); Yarr. Brit. B. ii. p. 43 (184.3);' Schl. Rev. Crit. p. Ivii 



(1844) ; Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 337 (1847) ; Thomjys. B. L-el. i. p. 284 



(1849) ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 421 (1850) ; Kjcerb. Dunm. Fuyle, pi. 12. 



tig. 4 (1852); id. t.c. Suppl. pi. 5. figs. 1, 2 r]858); 'SM. Voy. 



Nederl. p. 284, pi. 145 ; Hetvits. Eggs Brit. B. i. p. 216, pi. I'v. 



fig. 1 (1856) ; Sunder. Sv. Fogl. pl.*18. figs. 5, 6 (1856) ; Jaub. et 



Barth.-Lapomm. Rich. Orn. p. 106 (1859) ; Tristr. Ibis, 1859, 



pp. 33, 293; E. C. Taylor, t.c. p. 149; Linderm. Voq. Griechenl. 



p. 73 (1860); Powys, Ibis, 1860, p. 136; Naum. Voy. Deutschl. 



Anhang, Taf. 351. fig. 2 (1860) ; Schl. Dier. Nederl. Voy. pi. 14. 



fig. 5 (1861) ; Reinh. Ibis, 1861, p. 7 ; Godman, t. c. p. 85 ; Gray, 



idif. 



Lomb. i. tav. 28 (1865-70) ; Godin. Ibis, 1866, p. 98 : Baird, Ibis, 

 1867, p. 281; Drake, t. c. p. 428; Degl. et Gerbe,' Orn. Eur. i. 

 p. 233 (1867) ; Loche, Expl. Sci. Alger., 6;>. i. p. 125 (1867) ; S'77iith, 

 Ibis, 1868, p. 446; Bon/e/r. Vogelf. Norddeutsrhl. p. 84 (1869): 



