28 STUHNID-B. 



Doderl. Avif. Sicil. p. 70 (1869); Keuhm. Onze Vog. i. pi. 29 

 (1869); Gray, ILmd-l. B. ii. p. 21, uo. 6306; Oodm. Azores, 

 p. 30 (1870) ; FJxoes ^- Buckhy, Ibis, 1870, p. 192 ; Hutton, t. c. 

 p. 397; Fritach, FoV/. Eur. pi. 27. figs. 1, 3 (1870); Salvad. 

 Fami. Ital., Ucc. p. 167 (1871); Saunders, Ihis, 1871, p. 220 ; 

 Gurnet/, f. c. p. 294; B. Gray, B. IVrd Scotl. p. lo7 (1871); 

 Hurting, Handb. Brit. B. p. 30 (Ls72) ; Godm. Ibis, 1872, p. 220; 

 Brooke, Ibis, 1873, p. 247 ; Durnf. Ibis, 1874, p. 396 ; Dresser, B. 

 Fur. iv. p. 405, pis. 240, 247 (1874) ; Baird, Breic.,^ Ridgto. Hint. 

 N. Amer. B. ii. p. 229 (1874); Irby, B. Gibr. p. 130 (1875); 

 Fallon, Ois. Belg. p. 29 (1875); Blanf. Fast. Persia, ii. 266 

 (1876. pt.) ; C. B. Wharton, Ibis, 1876, p. 24 ; Neict. ed. Yarr. 

 Brit B. ii. p. 228 (1877) ; Dubois, Vertebr. Faun. Belg., Ois. pi. 66 

 <1878); Danf. Ibis, 1878, p. 2o ; B. O. U. List Brit. B. p. 65 

 (1883) ; Irbi/, Ibis, 1883, p. 184 ; Chapman, Ibis, 1884, p. 98 ; 

 Clarke, t.c. p. 143; Saunders, t.c. p. 378; Seebohm, Hist. Brit. B. 

 ii. p. 12 (1884) ; Tristr. Faun. iSr Flor. Palest, p. 73 (1884) ; Coues, 

 Key N. Amer. B. 2nd ed. p. 427 (1884) ; Whitehead, Ibis, 1885, 

 p 38; Di.von, t.c. \\ 82; Reid, t. c. p. 245; A. O. U. Check-l. N. 

 Amer. B. p. 247 (1886) ; Gigl. Avif. Ital. p. 17 (1886) ; Tait,Ibis, 

 1887, p. 199 ; Backh. t. c. p. 72 ; Reid, t. c. p. 135 ; Booth, Rough 

 Notes, vol. i. (1887) ; Salvad. Flench. Ucc. Ital. p. 183 (1887) ; 

 Lorenz, Beilr. Orn. Faun. Cauc. p. 9 (1887). 



Sansonnet ou Etourueau de Fi-ance, Daubent. PI. Fnl. iii. pi. 75. 



Common Stare, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. pt. i. p. 2 (1783). 



Sturnus variiis, Meyer, Taschenh. Vog. Deutschl. i. p. 208 (1810); 

 Brehm, Lehrb. Fur. Vog. i. p. 282 (1823) ; Tacz. Bull. Soc. Zool. 

 France, ii. p. 148 (1877). 



Tiirdus .solitarius, Montagu, Orn. Diet. Sup pi , art. Thrush (1813). 



Sturnus solitarius. Leach, Cat. Mamm. V. Brit. Mus. p. 18 (1816). 



Sturnus domesticus, Brehm, Isis, 182S, p. 1282. 



Sturnus nitens, Brehm, Isis, 1828, p. 1282. 



Sturnus punctatus, Brehm, t. c. p. 1282. 



Sturnus sylvestris, Brehm, Vog. Deutschl. p. 398 (1831). 



Sturnus septentrionalis, Brehm, t. c. p. 400 (1831). 



Sturnus hollandise, Brehm, t. c. p. 1016 (1831). 



Sturnus guttatus, Macgill. Hist. Br. B. i. p. 595 (1837). 



Sturnus longirostris, Brehm, Naum. 1855, p. 282. 



Sturnus tenuirostris, Brehm, t. c. p. 282. 



Sturnus europffius, Blasius, J.f. 0. 1863, Nachtr. p. 60 (teste Dresser). 



Sturnus faeroensis, Feilden, Birds of the Faeroe Islands, p. 47 (1872) ; 

 Grunnack, J.f O. 1876, p. 216; Seebohm, Ibis, 1880, p. 133. 



Adult mah in breeding-plumage. General colour above green, 

 with a 25urplisli-red or purplish-bronze gloss on the mantle and 

 upper back, green ou the lovs^er back, rump, and upper tail-coverts, 

 the latter with a slight reddish shade, all the feathers lanceolate in 

 shape with sandy-buff tips and velvety-black margins ; lesser wing- 

 eoverts green, tipped with sandy buff; median and greater coverts 

 steel-blue, the inner ones green, the outer ones glossed with 

 purplish red, all of them edged and tipped with sandy buff ; bastard- 

 wing black, fringed narrowly with sandy buff; primary-coverts 

 and quills dusky blackish, edged with sandy buff, the ends of the 

 inner primaries and secondaries with a subterminal spot of ashy 

 grey, surrounded by more or less black, the nine secondaries sub- 

 terminally margined with steel-blue or green ; tail-feathers dusky, 

 shaded with ashy, edged with Bandy buff, before which and at the 



