58 STURNID-E. 



(VOrn. ii. p. 303 (1800); Jerd. Madi: Journ. xi. p. 20 (1840^; 

 Bbjth, J. A. S. Beng. xiii. p. 3G6 (1844) ; (jfaij, Cat. Mamm. etc. 

 Nepal prcs. Ilodi/s. p. 104 (1846) ; Tickell, J. A. S. Bemj. xvii. 

 p. 301 (1848) ; Bltith, Cat. B. 3Ius. As. Soc. p. 109 (1849) ; Ti/tler, 

 Ann. Sr May. N. H. (2) xiii. p. 368 (1854). 



L'Etourneau pie, Month. Hist. Nat. Ois. iii. p. 191 (1775). 



Cape Stare, Lath. Gen. Si/n. ii. pt. i. p. 5 (1783). 



Sturnus capeiisis, G?«. Si/tst. Nat. i. p. 802 (1788). 



Pastor contra, Wayler, S'l/st. Av., Pastor, sp. 18 (1827). 



Sturnopastor contra, Hodqa. Icon. ined. in Brit. Mus., Passeres, 

 pi. 275. tigs. 1, 2 (no. 305) ; Blyth, Ann. f Mag. Nat. Hist. xii. 

 p. 97 (1843); Hod(/s. in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 84 (1844); Graij, 

 Gen. B. ii. p. 336 (1847) ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 420 (1850) ; Horsf. '-i^- 

 Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. ii. p. 526 (1856) ; Beacan, Ibis, 1864, 

 p. 376; Blyth, Ibis, 1867, p. 38 ; Bcavati, Ibis, 1868, p. 170; Gray, 

 Hand-l. B. ii. p. 22, no. 63 J 2 (1870) ; Hume, Nests Sf Egys Ind. B. 

 p. 426 (1873) ; Ball, Sir. F. 1874, p. 418 ; Hutne, St'r. F. 1877, 

 p. 38; Ball, 8tr. F. vii. p 221 (1878) ; Cripps, t. c. p. 290 ; Hume , 

 Str. F. 1879, p. 106; Scully, t. c. p. 329; lieid, Cat. Lucknow Mus. 

 p. 122 (1887). 



Psarites contra, Cab. Mus. Hein. Tli. i. p. 203 (1850). 



Adult male. General colour above blackish brown ; scapulars ex- 

 ternally white, forming a shoulder-patch; rump white; upper tail- 

 coverts blackish brown ; lesser wing-coverts pure white ; median 

 and greater coverts blackish brown, edged M'ith greenish black, the 

 latter series inclining to dark bronzy brown ; bastard-wing, primary- 

 coverts, and quills black, edged with greenish black, the primaries 

 margined with white near the ends, the secondaries more bronzy 

 brown ; tail-feathers blackish, with a scarcely perceptible fringe of 

 white at the ends ; crown of head, nape, and hind neck glossy 

 greenish black, the forehead minutely tipped with white, as also the 

 feathers above the eye ; lores, eyelid, sides of face, and ear-coverts 

 pure white ; cheeks glossy black ; throat, sides of neck, and fore 

 neck glossy greenish black ; on the sides of the upper neck some 

 streaks of white or drab-brown, some of the feathers on the sides of 

 the upper mantle externally drab-brown ; remainder of the under 

 surface of body pale vinaceous grey, a little more isabelline on the 

 abdomen : thighs externally blackish, internally white like the 

 under tail-coverts ; under wing-coverts and axillaries white; quills 

 below blackish, narrowly fringed with white along the inner edge. 

 Total length 9 inches, culmeu 1'15, wing 4-9, tail '2-2, tarsus IS. 



Adult female. Like the male. Total length 8-5 inches, culmen 

 1-15, wing 4'65, tail 2'75, tarsus 1-35. 



Yomiij. Browner than the adult, the base being also blackish 

 brown ; lores, sides of face, and ear-coverts dull white, washed with 

 smoky brown, a shade of which colour overspreads the sides of the 

 neck ; under surface of body dull white, the throat washed with 

 smoky brown, the fore neck and lower throat dingy blackish, mottled 

 with ochreous-brown edges to the feathers. 



Specimens from the eastern limit of this bird's range are decidedly 

 darker than the more western examples, but a perfect gradation 

 exists between them. 



