552 ALAUDIDiE. 



et Earth. -Lapomm. Rich. Orn. p. 295 (1859) ; Tristr. Ibis, 1859, 

 pp. 34, 425; Salvin, t. c. p. 315; Linderm. Viiff. Griechenl. p. 50 

 (1860) ; Giffl. Ibis, 18G5, p. 58 ; Tristr. Ibis, 18(56, p. 286 ; Lilford, 

 t. c. p. 380 ; Drake, Ibis, 1867, p. 427 ; Deffl. Sr Gerhe, Orn. Eur. 

 i. p. 350 (1867) ; Loche, Eipl. Sci. Alger., Ois. ii. p. 37 (1807); 



Trisfr. Ibis, 1868, p. 208; Borggr. Vogelf. Norddeutschl. p. 70 

 (1809); Doderl. Arif. Sicil. p. 91 (1869); Gray, Hand- 1. B. ii. 

 p. 120, uo. 7780 (18/"0) ; 8alvad. Faun. Ital, Ucc. p. 131 (1871) ; 



Saunders, Ibis, 1871, p. 217 ; Dresser, B. Eur. iv. p. 365, pi. 238. 

 iio- 1 pi 239 (1871) ; Gould, B. Gt. Br. iii. pi. 19 (1872) ; Shelley, 



B. Egypt, p. 143 (1872); Brooke, Ibis, 1873, p. 245; Severtz. 



Turkest. Jevotn. pp. 06, 143 (1873) ; Newt. ed. Yarrell, Brit. B. i. 



p. 646 (1874); Irby, B. Gibr. p. 114 (1875); Danf. c^- Harvte 



Broivn, Ibis, 1875, p. 311; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 183; Blanf. B. 



East. Pers. ii. p. 243 (1876) ; Saunders, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, ii. 



p 90 (1877) ; Danf. Ibis, 1878, p. 21 ; Bogd. B. Caiic. p. 76 (1879) ; 



Dixon, Ibis, 1882,' p. 572 : Seeb. Ibis, 1882, p. 216, 1883, p. 12; 



B O. U. list Br. B. p. 72 (1883); Saunders, Ibis, 1884, p. 377 ; 



Tristr. Faun. &,• Flor. Palest, p. 81 (1884) ; Badde, Orn. Cane. p. 199 



(1884) • Gigl.Avif. Ital. p. 57 (1860); Salcad. Elench. Ucc. Ital. 



p 156 (1886) ; Baekh. Ibis, 1887, p. 72 ; Tail, t. c. p. 198 ; Gidllem. 



Ibis, 1888, p. 113 ; Giql. Avif. Ital. IstPesoc. p. 116 (1889); Lilford, 



Ibis, 1889, p. 324 ; Clarke, t. c. p. 546. 

 Melanocorypha calandra subcalandra, Brehni, Tog. Deutschl. p. 310 



(1831) ; id. Naum. 1856, p. 374. 

 Melanocorypha calandra albigularis, Brehm, Naum. 1856, p. 374. 

 Melanocorypha calandra megarhynchos, Brehm, t. c. p. 374. 

 Melanocorypha calandra semitorqiiata, Brehm, t. c. p. 374. 

 Londra calandra, Sykes, P. Z. S. 1838, p. 114. 

 Melanocorypha bimacukta {nee Menetr.), Sharpe, Ibis, 1886, p. 497 



(lapsu) {id. Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. v. part 3, p. 82 (1889). 



Adult male. General colour above brown, with fulvesceut edges 

 to the feathers of the mantle and blackish centres to all the feathers, 

 except those of the lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts, which 

 are uniform brown washed with ashy, the latter with tawny fulvous ; 

 crown of head like the back and similarly streaked, the hind neck 

 and sides of neck a little more ashy ; lesser wing-coverts uniform 

 ashy brown ; remainder of wing- coverts and quills dark brown, with 

 tawny rufous margins not very conspicuous and washed with ashy ; 

 the inner primaries and all but the innermost secondaries tipped 

 with white, the outer primary white along the outer web ; tail- 

 feathers dark brown with rufesceut brown margins, all but the centre 

 feathers with a slight edgi.ig of white at the ends, this white gradually 

 increasing on the lateral tail-feathers, until on the penultimate 

 feather there is not only a broad white tip, but the whole outer 

 web is white with a slight rufous shade near the end ; outer tail- 

 feather entirely white, excepting for an oblique mark of brown on 

 the base of the inner web and a rufous shade near the end of the 

 outer web ; lores and a broad eyebrow sandy white ; below the 

 eye several tiny blackish dots, which extend on to the base of 

 the ear-coverts, which are brown with sandy-buff shaft-streaks ; 

 cheeks buffy white, spotted with dusky blackish spots ; a large patch 

 of creamy white on the sides of the neck behind the ear-coverts ; 

 entire throat white, with a large triangular black patch on each 



