576 AT.AUDID.E. 



Ceylon, p. 030 (1879) ; Hume, 8tr. F. viii. p. 108 (1879) ; ScuNi/, 



t. c. p. 3;)8 ; Vidal, Str. F. ix. p. 73 (1880) ; Wnrdlaw Ituimai/, 



Ihk, 1880, p. G7; C. Swinh. Ibis, 1882, p." 116; Eeid, Str. F. x. 



p. 58 (I8b3); Davison, t. c. p. 406; Vidal, t. c. p. 424; Oafes, 



Hnndb. B. Br. Biinn. i. p. 373 (1883) ; Mitrrai/, Vertehr. Faun. 



Sind, p. 197 (1884) : Swinh. Sr Barnes, Ibis, 1885, p. 130 ; Ternj, 



Sfr. F. X. p. 478 (1887) ; Hume, Str. F. xi. p. 289 (1888). 

 Alaiida tiiburhj-ncha, Hod(/s. Icon. iued. in Brit. Mas., Passeres, 



pi. 293. fig. 2 (no. 739);'(rf. in Grays Zool. Misc. p. 84 (1844); 



Gray, Cat. Mamm. ^-c. Nepal jwes. Ilodffs. p. 109 (1846) ; Horsf. 



Sf Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. I. Co. ii. p. 407 (1856, pt.) ; Gray, 



Hand-l. B. ii. p. 117, no. 7745 (1870). 

 Alauda gracilis, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xi. p. 201 (1842). 

 Alauda gangetica, Blyth, J. A. S. Beny. xii. p. 181 (1843). 

 Alauda cristata (pt.),' Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 380 (1844). 

 Alauda malabarica (nee Sykes), Horsf. ^- Moore, Cat. B. Mu<. E. I. 



Co. ii. p. 467 (1856). 

 Alauda coelivox, Swinh. Zool. 1859, p. 6723 ; id. Ibis, 1860, pp. 52, 



132, 1861 , p. 46, 1863, p. 377 ; id. P. Z. S. 1863, pp. 89, 272 ; id. 



Ibis, 1870, p. 83; Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 118, no. 7753 (1870); 



Sioinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 389; David ^- Oust. Ois. Chine, p. 314 



(1877). 

 Ahuda sala, S^oinh. Ibis, 1870, p. 355 ; id. P.Z.S. 1871, p. 389 ; 



David Sf Oust. Ois. Chine, p. 314 (1877). 

 Alauda wattersi, .SVotmA. P.Z.S. 1871, p. 389; David ^%- Oust. Oi.s. 



Chine, p. 314 (1877); Tiveedd. P.Z.S. 1878, p. 710; Wardluiv 



Ramsay, Ibis, 1886, p. 160. 

 Alauda australis, Brooks, Str. F. 1873, p. 484; Hume, Str. F. 1879, 



p. 108; Brooks, t. c. p. 489 ; Terry, Str. F. x. p. 479 (1887). 

 Alauda pegueusis, Oates, Str. F. 1875, p. 343. 



Adult male. Similar to A. arvensis, or rather to tho grey fornj of 

 A. arvensis kuowii as A. cantareUa, but distinguished from it by its 

 touch smaller size, paler under wing-coverts, and almost entire 

 absence of flank-stripes. " Bill, legs, feet, and claws fleshy yellow ; 

 the upper mandible brown; iris brown " (C T. Binr/havi). Total 

 length 5"8 inches, culmen 0-6, wing 3-65, tail 2'1, tarsus 1. 



Adult female. Similar to the male. " Bill brownish, under man- 

 dible fleshy ; legs and feet fleshy yellow, claws dusky ; ii'is dark 

 brown" {C. T. Bingham). Total length 5-7 inches, culmen 0-55, 

 wing 3-.5, tail 1-9, tarsus 0-95. 



The Chinese A. coelivox seems to mc now, as it seemed to me in 

 1871, to be inseparable from A. galgula, of which it is only a pale 

 race. 



A darker race, A. tuattersi of Formosa, may possibly be found in 

 parts of Southern China, for it occurs in Cochin China. None of the 

 Swinhoe specimens are in fresh moulted plumage, and the abrasion 

 of the plumage gives them, of course, a very black appearance. 



In the north of Formosa and in Hainan a slightly larger and 

 longer-billed race {A. sala) occurs, but some of the specimens are 

 scarcely to be distinguished from A. tuattersi. The wing is very little 

 larger than in the latter race. 



The following is a summary of the length of wing in Alauda 

 gulgula and its component races ; — 



