580 ALAUDID^. 



Range. The greater part of Central and Southern Europe and 

 Northern Asia, extending south to Abyssinia* and east into N.W. 

 India. 



Key to the Species. 



a. Outer tail-feathers with a sandy-buff edging to , j,,„,j, j^^.ti sgQ. 



the end of the outer web J dickhunemis, p. 584. 



h. Outer tail-feathers entirely white along the { fji{f,gf„„„ p ,58,5 



outer web j a„^,{,.ostris^ -p. 585. 



1. Calandrella brachydactyla. 



? Testaceous Lark, Lath. Oeii. Syn. ii. pt. L^ p. 393 (1783). 



? Alauda testacea, Gm. S. N. i. p. 797 (1788). 



Alauda brachydactyla, Leisler, Wetterau Oesellsch. Ann. iii. pp. 357- 



359 (1814); Temm. Man. Orn. i. p. 285 (1820); Naum. Vog. 



DeutscJil. iv. pi. 98. fig. 2 (1824) ; Werner, Atlas, Granivores, 



pi. 7 (1827) ; Menetr. Cat. rais. Cauc. p. 39 (1832) ; Isid. Geoffr. 



St.-Hilaire, Exp. Moree, Zoo/, p. 52, pi. 4. fig. 1 (1883) ; Gould, B. 



Eur. iii. pi. 103 (1837); Crespon, Orn. Gard, p. 196 (1840); 



Nordm. in Demid. Voij. Muss. Mirid.m. p. 165(1840) ; Schl. Rev. 



Crit. p. lix (1844); Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 380 (1844); Hewits. 



Eggs Br. B. i. p. 181, pi. 45. fig. 4 (1856) ; Jaub. et Barth.- 



. P- - 



Br. B. p. 110 (1872) ; Finsch, Verh. z.-b. GeselUch. Wien, xxix. 



p. 222 (1879); Homeyer 8f Tancre, MT. orn. Ver. Wien, 1883, 



p. 90 ; Seebohm, Hist. Br. B. ii. p. 274 (1884) ; Irbg, Keg List Br. 



B. p. 21 (1888). 

 Alauda arenaria, rieill. N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. i. p. 343 (1816) ; id. 



Faime Franq., Ois. p. 169, " pi. 74. figs. 1, 2 " (1820). 

 Alauda calandrella, Savi, Orn. Tosc. ii. p. 67 (1829) ; Bp. Consp. i. 



p. 244 (1850); Grat/, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 119, no. 7775 (1870); 



Fritsch, Vog. Eur. tab. 16. fig. 9 (1870) ; Giitke, Ibis, 1879, pp. 



104, 379. 

 Calandrella brachydactyla, Kanp, Nat. Syst. p. 39 (1829); Tristr. 



Ibis, 1859, pp. 34, 422 ; Salvin, t. c. p. 315 ; Koiehy, t. c. p. 330; 



Tristr. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 434 ; Filippi, Viagg. Pers. p. 348 (1865) ; 



Gicjl. Ibis, 1865, p. 58 ; Cha7nb. Ibis, 1867, p. 103 ; Loc/ie, Expl. 



iSc'i. Alger., Ois. ii. p. 21 (1867); Smith, Ibis, 1868, p. 443; 



Saunders, Ibis, 1869, p. 181 ; .E'fo;es Sf Buckley, Ibis, 1870, p. 194 ; 



Sundev. Faun. Ital, Ucc. p. 134 (1871); Saunders, Ibis, 1871, 



p. 217; Gtiniey, t. c. p. 289; Godm. t. c. p. 209; Shelley, B. 



Egypt, p. 141 (1872); GouU, B. Gt. Br. iii. pi. 21 (1873); 



Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. pp. 67, 141 (1873) ; Dresser, B. Eur. iv. 



p. 341, pi. 235 (1873) ; Brooke, Ibis, 1873, p. 245 ; mime, Str. F. i. 



p. 213 (1873) ; Ball, Str. F. ii. p. 423 (1874) ; Ada7n, t. c. p. 389 ; 



Cordeaux, Ibis, 1875, p. 182; Irby, B. Gibr. p. 114 (1875); 



Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 182 ; Butler, Str. F. iii. p. 500 (1875) ; 



Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 242 (1876) ; Bogd. J./. O. 1877, p. 91 ; 



Saunders, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, ii. p. 91 (1877); Danf. Ibis, 



1878, p. 21 ; Hume, Str. F. vii. p. 66 (1878) ; Bogd. B. Cauc. p. 75 



(1879) ; Doig, Str. F. viii. p. 371 (1879) ; Hume, t. c. p. 109 (pt.) ; 



Butler, Cat. B. Sind, p. 49 (1879) ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 88 ; 



* Calandrella bucMeyi, Shelley, from the Gold Coast, is a Mirafra. 



