11. CALANDRELLA. 581 



Scully, f. c. p. 579; B. O. U. List Br. B. p. 72 (1883); Sivinh. 



Ihis, 18S2, p. 115; Bidd. t. c. p. 285; Seel>. Ibis, 1883, p. 12; 



Severtz. t. c. p. 61 ; Tristr. Faun. ^ Flor. Palest, p. 80 (1884) ; 



Radde, Orn. Cauc. p. 285 (1884); Murray, Vertebr. Faun. Sind, 



p. 195 (1884) ; Whitehead, Ibis, 1885, p. 40 ; Reid, t. c. p. 246 ; 



Gigl. Avif. Ital. p. 63 (1886) ; Salvad. Flench. Ucc. Ital. p. 155 



(1886) ; 'Tait, Ibis, 1887, p. 195 ; Scully, J. A. S. Beny. Ivi. p. 84 



(1887); St. John, Ibis, 1889, p. 172; Lilford, t. c. p. 324; Clark, 



t. c. p. 546 ; Giyl. Avif. Ital. 1st Resoc. p. 120 (1889) ; Sharpe, 



Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool. v. pt. 3, p. 81 (1889). 

 Melauocorypha itala, Brehm, Voy. Deutschl. p. 311 (1831); id. 



Voyelf. p. 121 (1855). 

 Melanocorypha brachydactvla, Brehm, VHy. Deutschl. p. 311 (1831); 



Seebolun, Ibis, 1882, p. 217. 

 Melanocorypha arenaria, Bp. Comp. List B. Eur. S,- N. Amer. p. 38 



(1838). 

 Phileremos brachydactyla. Keys. u. Bias. Wirb. Eur. p. 152 (1840) ; 



Miihle, Orn. Griechenl. p. 37 (1844) ; Linderm. Voq. Griechenl, 



p. 49 (1860) ; Borggr. Voyelf. Norddeutschl. p. 70 (18(39) ; Droste, 



Voyeho. Borkum, p. 70 (1869). 

 Short-toed Lark, Yarr. Br. B. i. p. 420 (1843). 

 Phileremos moreatica, Miihle, Orn. Griechenl. p. 37 (1844). 

 Alauda longipennis, Eversm. Bull. Mosc. xxi. p. 219 (1848) ; id. 



J. f. 0. 1853, p. 283 ; Bogd. J. f. O. 1877, p. 95. 

 Calaiidritis brachydactyla, Cub. Mus. Ilein. Th. i. p. 122 (1850) ; 



E. von Homeyer, J. f. 0. 1873, p. 193. 

 ? Calandritis kollyi. Cub. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 123 (1850). 

 Melanocorypha macroptera, A. E. Brehm, J. f. O. 1854, p. 77 ; C. 



L. Brehm, Voyelf. p. 121 (1855). 

 Melanocorypha obsoleta, etc., Brehm, Voyelf. p. 121 (1855). 

 Calandrella hernionensis, Tristr. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 434 ; id. Ibis, 



1866, p. 28o ; id. Ibis, 1882, p. 407 ; id. Faun. ^' Flor. Palest. 



p. 80 (1884). 

 Alauda hermoneusis, Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 117, no. 7749 (1870). 

 Alauda macroptera. Gray, Hnnd-l. B. ii. p. 119, no. 7777 (1870). 

 Calandriti.s imniaculata, E. von Homeyer, J.f. O. 1873, p. 194. 

 Calandritis macroptera, E. von Homeyer, t. c. p. 195. 



Adult male. General colour above sandy brown, everyyphere 

 mottled with blackish centres to the feathers ; lesser wing-coverts 

 uniform sandy buff: median coverts dark brown, rather broadly 

 edged with sandy buff; greater coverts brown, edged with ashy, 

 and with sandy buff at the ends ; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, 

 and quills dark brown, edged with sandy buff, rather more 

 rufescent at the base of the secondaries ; first long primary 

 isabelline along the outer web ; upper tail-coverts sandy isabel- 

 line as well as the adjacent portion of the rump, which has a 

 uniform appearance, the longer coverts centred ■with blackish 

 brown ; centre tail-feathers sandy buff, dark brown along the 

 middle ; remainder of tail-feathers blackish with sandy-buff' edges, 

 the penultimate feathers broadly margined with isabelline, inclining 

 to sandy buff towards the end of the outer weo and round the tip; 

 the outer feathers for the most part white, with an isabelline tinge 

 towards the end of the outer web, the inner web with an oblique 

 mark of blackish brown ; head like the back, and distinctly sti'eaked 



