13. MIEAFRA. 597 



1. Mirafra rufipilea. 



L'Alouette a calotte roiisse, Levaill. Ois. cFAfr. \v. pi. 198 (180o) ; 



Stindev, Krit. om Levaill. p. 46 (1857). 

 Alauda rufipilea, Vieill. N. Diet. cVHist. Nat. i. p. 345 (1816) ; 



Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 72 (1871). 

 Megalophonus rutipileus, Grai/, Gen. B. ii. p. 382 (1844) ; Bp. Co?isp. 



i. p. 243 (1850) ; Layard, JB. 8. Afr. p. 211 (1867) ; Graij, Hand-l. 



B. ii. p. 122, no. 7823 (1870) ; Ayres, Ibis, 1871, p. 268, 1873, 



p. 285, 1880, p. 265. 

 Brachouyx pvrrhouota. Smith, III. Zool. S. Afr., Aves, pi. ex. fig. 2 



{I8i7',tiec'' Vieill.). 

 Alauda fasciolata, Sundev. (Efv. K. Vet.-Akad. Fork. Stockh. 1850, 



p. 99. 

 Megalophonus fasciolatus, Licht. Nomencl. Av. Berol. p. 39 (1854) ; 



Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 122, no. 7820 (1870). 

 Megalophonus apiatus (iiec V.), Ayres, Ibis, 1869, p. 295 ; Buckley, 



Ibis, 1876, p. 1.33. 

 Mirafra rufipilea. Sharps, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 641 ; id. ed. LayarWs B. 



S. Afr. p. 517 (1884) ; Bocaye, Orn. Anffola, p. 376 (1881). 



Adult male. Above entirely cinnamon -rufous, the feathers of the 

 cro^wn faintly tipped with whitish, these being much broader and 

 more distinct on the back, scapulars, and wing-coverts, these light 

 tips relieved by a subterminal line of black, most of the feathers 

 being blackish at base and having one or two other concealed bars 

 of blackish ; hind neck and interseapulary region brighter cinnamon, 

 with central streaks of deeper crimson ; wing-coverts cinnamon like 

 the back, but the margins to the feathers broader and the black 

 subterminal margins more pronounced ; quills rufous for two thirds 

 of their length, brown for the terminal third, the secondaries 

 browner, the outer one mottled with the same externally, the inner- 

 most deep cinnamon, like the back, with the same distinct margins ; 

 tail brown, slightly tipped with rufous, the two outer feathers ex- 

 ternally margined with creamy bufl', the outermost more broadly, 

 the two centre tail-feathers cinnamon, dark brown in the centre, 

 from which radiate several imperfectly formed bars and mottlings 

 of blackish ; lores and a fairly distinct eyebrow bufFy white ; ear- 

 coverts rufous, deeper on the hinder margin ; cheeks and sides of 

 neck bufly white, minutely speckled with dark brown ; throat bulFy 

 white, unspotted ; rest of under surface pale fawn-colour, rather 

 obscured in some places by fulvous margins to the feathers, the fore 

 neck and chest numerously marked with little round spots of black ; 

 under wing-coverts deep cinnamon, like the inner lining of the 

 wing : " bill pale, with the tip dusky ; tarsi and feet palo dusky ; 

 iris light tawny " (Ayres). Total length 5-8 inches, culmen 0-6, 

 wing 3-35, tail 2"6, tarsus 105. 



Young. Similar to the adult, but far deeper cinnamon, and everj-- 

 where barred with black wavy lines on the upper surface, the head 

 included ; tail with a broad centre of ashy brown, followed by 

 another subterminal line along the apical portion of the feathers, this 

 line evidently breaking up into the radiations from the shaft which 



